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APUSH > Period 4 (1800 - 1848) > Flashcards

Period 4 (1800 - 1848) Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Why is the Election of 1800 often considered a revolution?

A

1st peaceful transition of political party power in presidential office. Adams –> Jefferson

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2
Q

Jefferson’s intent as Prez

A
  • Check growth of Gov. Power
  • “We are all Federalists, we are all Republicans.”
  • Reduce army to 2500 (Restore Republican Experiment)
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3
Q

Naturalization Law of 1802

A

Repealed earlier Naturalization law - Set citizenship + right to vote back at 5 years

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4
Q

Judiciary Act of 1801 (The Midnight Appointments)

A
  • Expanded Fed. Court system
  • allowed Jefferson to put his political allies into power
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5
Q

Marbury vs Madison (1803)

A
  • established long-term doctrine of Judicial Review (aka SCOTUS can override both Congress + Prez)
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6
Q

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

A
  • France sells US midwest very cheaply
  • Jefferson worried about the Constitutionality of the Prez buying land for country
  • helped US avoid war with France + avoid alliance with England
  • doubled size of US
  • Removes last significant Euro power from America
  • 1804 Lewis + Clark
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7
Q

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807)

A

British warship fired on US ship. Infuriated American public, demanded war against Britain

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8
Q

Embargo Act of 1807

A
  • No US merchant ships can sail to a foreign port
  • hoped would stop British from impressing US sailors, but backfired; Britain turned to other suppliers and made US have economic crisis
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9
Q

Non-Intercourse Act (1809)

A

Repealed Embargo Act with all foreign ports except Britain and France

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10
Q

Why did the US want to go to war with Britain over impressment but not France?

A
  • War Hawks that were pushing Madison towards war were from South + West, so they were loyal to France but not Britain
  • Traditional Republicans (Jeffersonian) partiality towards France
  • Visibility of France impressment
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11
Q

Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)

A

Britain instigates Shawnee attack on US, led by Tecumseh. US badly defeats natives and takes a ton of their land

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12
Q

Causes of the war of 1812

A
  • Free Seas & Trade: Atlantic impressments, blockades, embargo, non-intercourse act, violation of neutrality
  • Chesapeake - Leopold Affair
  • Frontier Problems: Brits igniting native tensions bc they wanted Canada & FL
  • War Hawks Pressure (Clay & Calhoun)
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13
Q

Battle of New Orleans (1815)

A

Jackson & group of TN, KY, Creoles, Blacks, & Pirates vs British. Brits retreat, happened days after Treaty of Ghent

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14
Q

Goals of “Common Man” platform

A
  • universal male suffrage (no more religious & property requirements)
  • ## Egalitarian, equal opportunity
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15
Q

Election of 1824 / “Corrupt Bargain”

A

Clay would give Adams his support if Clay was appointed as Sec. of State, so Adams won election. Infuriated Jacksonians.

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16
Q

Tariff of 1828 / Abominations

A

South thought it only benefited industrial North; threatened to secede bc of it, led by Calhoun. Nullification Crisis

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17
Q

Revolution of 1828

A

Common Man + lots of votes from Western states

18
Q

The Kitchen Cabinet

A

Cabinet made by Jackson of spoils system people

19
Q

Indian Removal Act 1830

A

Made Natives leave and go to unsettled land west - led to Trail of Tears

20
Q

Worcester vs Georgia (1832)

A

Ruled that states don’t have the right to impose regulations on native land

21
Q

Force Bill

A

Gave Jackson the authority to act against SC threatening to secede

22
Q

Compromise Tariff of 1833

A

Ended the nullification crisis in SC

23
Q

Bank War

A

Biddle (pro BUS) vs Jackson (anti-BUS)

24
Q

Democrats supported (during this time)

A
  • local rule
  • limited gov.
  • free trade
  • opportunity for white males
    Major Concerns:
  • monopolies
  • ntl banks
  • high tariffs
  • high land prices
    Base of voter support
  • The South & West
  • Urban Workers
25
Q

Whigs supported (during this time)

A
  • Ntl Bank
  • Fed. funds for internal improvements
  • Protective Tariff (The American System)
    Major Concerns:
  • Crime associated with immigrants
    Base of Voter Support
  • New England & Mid-Atlantic States
  • Protestants of English heritage (WASPS)
  • Urban professionals
26
Q

“Pet” banks

A
  • Jackson’s response after closing BUS
  • Transfer of federal funds to state banks
  • Resulted in unregulated loans + specuation
27
Q

Specie Circular

A
  • Purchases of federal land must be made in specie
  • Resulted in bank notes losing value, land sales plummeting, Panic of 1837
28
Q

2nd Great Awakening (1820s - 1830s)

A
  • Rural areas in all regions
  • Camp meetings of 20k people
  • Charles G. Finney
  • In order to be saved, you must be willing
  • Perfectionism
  • New roles for women
  • millions recommit to faith
  • Growth/spread of non-traditional religious sects, like Baptist, Methodist
  • Spawns antebellum reforms bc of social gospel: temperance, abolition, asylum / prison reform, women’s rights
29
Q

How did many Antebellum reformers spread their ideas?

A

through newspapers and lyceum (public lectures) meetings

30
Q

Transcendentalism - Intellectualism Movement

A
  • Exploration of individuality (Ralph Waldo Emerson)
  • Work destroys spiritual life
31
Q

Henry David Thoreau

A
  • Walden’s Pond
  • Search for meaning in natural world
  • Civil Disobedience
32
Q

Examples of Utopian Movement

A
  • Mother Ann & Shakers: 1st successful communal movement (pacifists, equality)
  • John Humphrey Noyes & Oneida: Perfectionism, evangelical Protestant movement in 1830s
  • many wanted sinless perfection & polygamy
  • Mormons: moral perfection, polygamy, Brigham Young led 12k to Utah, one of the greatest human migrations
33
Q

Urban popular culture during this time

A
  • Brothels
  • Minstrels: Black face actors performing w/ heavy racial overtones & dialect
  • Immigrants masses & Nativist reactions: lots of Irish & German
34
Q

Horace Mann

A
  • MA, 1837
  • “Educated electorate is essential”
  • Organized 1st public school system, by 1850s in every state
35
Q

Abolitionists’ 3-pronged attack on slavery

A
  1. Gain support of religious Americans
  2. Aid fugitive slaves w/ Underground Railroad
  3. Political Campaign (1835 - 1838), bombarded Congress with anti-slavery petitions
36
Q

William Lloyd Garrison

A
  • Wrote The Liberator in Boston in 1831
  • Many anti-slavery societies
  • Demanded immediete abolition & all rights as Americans
  • Extreme pacifism, call for Northern disunion
37
Q

Theodore Weld & Grimke Sisters

A
  • American Slavery as it is: testimony of 1000 witnesses
38
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

1821 - reforms mental illness & hospitals

39
Q

What was the first women’s rights convention?

A

Seneca Falls, 1848. Leads to suffrage campaign.

40
Q

Missouri Compromise (1820)

A
  • Missouri = slave
  • Maine = free
  • no slaves past 36-30 line

APUSH (6 decks)

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