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APUSH > Period 4 (1800 - 1848) > Flashcards

Period 4 (1800 - 1848) Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the Election of 1800 often considered a revolution?

A

1st peaceful transition of political party power in presidential office. Adams –> Jefferson

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2
Q

Jefferson’s intent as Prez

A
  • Check growth of Gov. Power
  • “We are all Federalists, we are all Republicans.”
  • Reduce army to 2500 (Restore Republican Experiment)
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3
Q

Naturalization Law of 1802

A

Repealed earlier Naturalization law - Set citizenship + right to vote back at 5 years

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4
Q

Judiciary Act of 1801 (The Midnight Appointments)

A
  • Expanded Fed. Court system
  • allowed Jefferson to put his political allies into power
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5
Q

Marbury vs Madison (1803)

A
  • established long-term doctrine of Judicial Review (aka SCOTUS can override both Congress + Prez)
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6
Q

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

A
  • France sells US midwest very cheaply
  • Jefferson worried about the Constitutionality of the Prez buying land for country
  • helped US avoid war with France + avoid alliance with England
  • doubled size of US
  • Removes last significant Euro power from America
  • 1804 Lewis + Clark
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7
Q

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807)

A

British warship fired on US ship. Infuriated American public, demanded war against Britain

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8
Q

Embargo Act of 1807

A
  • No US merchant ships can sail to a foreign port
  • hoped would stop British from impressing US sailors, but backfired; Britain turned to other suppliers and made US have economic crisis
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9
Q

Non-Intercourse Act (1809)

A

Repealed Embargo Act with all foreign ports except Britain and France

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10
Q

Why did the US want to go to war with Britain over impressment but not France?

A
  • War Hawks that were pushing Madison towards war were from South + West, so they were loyal to France but not Britain
  • Traditional Republicans (Jeffersonian) partiality towards France
  • Visibility of France impressment
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11
Q

Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)

A

Britain instigates Shawnee attack on US, led by Tecumseh. US badly defeats natives and takes a ton of their land

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12
Q

Causes of the war of 1812

A
  • Free Seas & Trade: Atlantic impressments, blockades, embargo, non-intercourse act, violation of neutrality
  • Chesapeake - Leopold Affair
  • Frontier Problems: Brits igniting native tensions bc they wanted Canada & FL
  • War Hawks Pressure (Clay & Calhoun)
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13
Q

Battle of New Orleans (1815)

A

Jackson & group of TN, KY, Creoles, Blacks, & Pirates vs British. Brits retreat, happened days after Treaty of Ghent

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14
Q

Goals of “Common Man” platform

A
  • universal male suffrage (no more religious & property requirements)
  • ## Egalitarian, equal opportunity
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15
Q

Election of 1824 / “Corrupt Bargain”

A

Clay would give Adams his support if Clay was appointed as Sec. of State, so Adams won election. Infuriated Jacksonians.

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16
Q

Tariff of 1828 / Abominations

A

South thought it only benefited industrial North; threatened to secede bc of it, led by Calhoun. Nullification Crisis

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17
Q

Revolution of 1828

A

Common Man + lots of votes from Western states

18
Q

The Kitchen Cabinet

A

Cabinet made by Jackson of spoils system people

19
Q

Indian Removal Act 1830

A

Made Natives leave and go to unsettled land west - led to Trail of Tears

20
Q

Worcester vs Georgia (1832)

A

Ruled that states don’t have the right to impose regulations on native land

21
Q

Force Bill

A

Gave Jackson the authority to act against SC threatening to secede

22
Q

Compromise Tariff of 1833

A

Ended the nullification crisis in SC

23
Q

Bank War

A

Biddle (pro BUS) vs Jackson (anti-BUS)

24
Q

Democrats supported (during this time)

A
  • local rule
  • limited gov.
  • free trade
  • opportunity for white males
    Major Concerns:
  • monopolies
  • ntl banks
  • high tariffs
  • high land prices
    Base of voter support
  • The South & West
  • Urban Workers
25
Whigs supported (during this time)
- Ntl Bank - Fed. funds for internal improvements - Protective Tariff (The American System) Major Concerns: - Crime associated with immigrants Base of Voter Support - New England & Mid-Atlantic States - Protestants of English heritage (WASPS) - Urban professionals
26
"Pet" banks
- Jackson's response after closing BUS - Transfer of federal funds to state banks - Resulted in unregulated loans + specuation
27
Specie Circular
- Purchases of federal land must be made in specie - Resulted in bank notes losing value, land sales plummeting, Panic of 1837
28
2nd Great Awakening (1820s - 1830s)
- Rural areas in all regions - Camp meetings of 20k people - Charles G. Finney - In order to be saved, you must be willing - Perfectionism - New roles for women - millions recommit to faith - Growth/spread of non-traditional religious sects, like Baptist, Methodist - Spawns antebellum reforms bc of social gospel: temperance, abolition, asylum / prison reform, women's rights
29
How did many Antebellum reformers spread their ideas?
through newspapers and lyceum (public lectures) meetings
30
Transcendentalism - Intellectualism Movement
- Exploration of individuality (Ralph Waldo Emerson) - Work destroys spiritual life
31
Henry David Thoreau
- Walden's Pond - Search for meaning in natural world - Civil Disobedience
32
Examples of Utopian Movement
- Mother Ann & Shakers: 1st successful communal movement (pacifists, equality) - John Humphrey Noyes & Oneida: Perfectionism, evangelical Protestant movement in 1830s - many wanted sinless perfection & polygamy - Mormons: moral perfection, polygamy, Brigham Young led 12k to Utah, one of the greatest human migrations
33
Urban popular culture during this time
- Brothels - Minstrels: Black face actors performing w/ heavy racial overtones & dialect - Immigrants masses & Nativist reactions: lots of Irish & German
34
Horace Mann
- MA, 1837 - "Educated electorate is essential" - Organized 1st public school system, by 1850s in every state
35
Abolitionists' 3-pronged attack on slavery
1. Gain support of religious Americans 2. Aid fugitive slaves w/ Underground Railroad 3. Political Campaign (1835 - 1838), bombarded Congress with anti-slavery petitions
36
William Lloyd Garrison
- Wrote The Liberator in Boston in 1831 - Many anti-slavery societies - Demanded immediete abolition & all rights as Americans - Extreme pacifism, call for Northern disunion
37
Theodore Weld & Grimke Sisters
- American Slavery as it is: testimony of 1000 witnesses
38
Dorothea Dix
1821 - reforms mental illness & hospitals
39
What was the first women's rights convention?
Seneca Falls, 1848. Leads to suffrage campaign.
40
Missouri Compromise (1820)
- Missouri = slave - Maine = free - no slaves past 36-30 line

APUSH (6 decks)

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