Period 5 (1750-1914)

Question 1

Aftermath of the North American revolution (1775-1787)

Answer 1

~ United States won
~ Declaration of Independence
~ constitution on enlightenment principals estab.
~ no significant social transformation came with independence from Britain
~ government became model for revolutions to come
~ slavery not abolished yet

Question 2

Aftermath of the French Revolution (1789-1815)

Answer 2

~ years after were turbulent 
~ king beheaded 
~ government taken over by radical group 
~ reign of terror 
~'efforts to create wholly new kingdom 
~ created a massive army

Question 3

Conservative reactions to revolutions

Answer 3

~ Napolean seized French government and French dominated Europe in 1812
~ Britain defeated Napolean
~ other countries horrified by what happened I’m France
~ allies that defeated France met at Vienna and formed a settlement to make further revolutions impossible
~ congress of Vienna: made an agreement to restore balance of power to europe

Question 4

Ideological consequences of revolution

Answer 4

Conservatism
Liberalism
Radicalism

Question 5

Conservatism

Answer 5

~ at first advocated return to absolute monarchy, but came to accept constitutional monarchy by the mid-1800s.
~ Generally, conservatives disapproved of the revolutions of the era, particularly the French Revolution with all the violence and chaos that it brought.

Question 6

Liberalism

Answer 6

~ supported a republican
~ representatives were generally from the elite, but were selected (usually by vote) from a popular base of citizens.
~ Emphasis was generally on liberty or freedom from oppression, rather than on equality.

Question 7

Radicalism

Answer 7

~ advocated drastic changes in government
~ emphasized equality MORE than liberty
~ concerned with narrowing gap between rich and poor

Question 8

Reform movements

Answer 8

Women’s rights

Abolitionist movements

Question 9

Womens rights

Answer 9

~ active in Britain France and North America
~ gender tokes didn’t change immediately after revolutions
~ Americans decided to focus more of suffrage

Question 10

Limits of the abolitionist movements

Answer 10

~ even though slavery was abolished in Europe and NA in late 19th century blacks still subordinated with less desirable jobs, little education, lower status than whites

Question 11

Conservatism reactions to reforms

Two political thoughts emerged

Answer 11

~ scientific racism

~ scientific Darwinism

Question 12

Scientific racism

Answer 12

Using scientific reasoning to prove that black are physically and mentally inferior to whites

Question 13

Social Darwinism

Answer 13

Not racial differences but economic differences
~ used to prove differences between rich and poor
~ uses Darwin’s theory of natural selection

Question 14

Another reaction to revolution: the political thought of Marxism

Answer 14

~ Karl Marx father of communism 
~ saw capitalism as corrupt 
~ envisioned a new world where social classes would disapear and the ownership of private property would be banned 
~ encouraged equality & cooperation 
~ governments would be unnecessary

Question 15

Questions of periodization

Answer 15

~ European dominance in long distance trade
~ have & have not industrialized counties
~ inequalities due to imperialism
~ political revolutions for independence

Question 16

Changes in globak commerce, communications, and technology

Answer 16

~ Europeans set up colonies
~ western and eastern hempishpere in constant contact
~ economic and technological transformations
~ industrial revolution

Question 17

Why was Britain the start of industrialization?

Answer 17

They had 
~ an agricultural revolution 
~ technological innovation 
~ natural resources 
~ economic strength 
~ political stability

Question 18

The industrial revolution

Answer 18

~ transformed the world
~ invent the perfect machinery to make human labor more efficient
~ began in England in late 18th
~ spread to Belgium, Germany, France, US, and japan
~ divided world into have & have not countries

Question 19

New inventions with the industrial revolution

Answer 19

Cotton gin

Steam engine

Question 20

Transportation improvements

For transporting raw materials more easily

Answer 20

~ Steam engine
~ railroad engine
~ railroads revolutionized britain

Question 21

The spread of industrial revolution

Answer 21

~ only in Britain for the first 50yrs
~ eventually spread to United States, Russia! and japan
~ also spread to Germany, Belgium, and France

Question 22

Industrialization spread to the US in

Answer 22

1820s

Question 23

By the 1900s japan was

Answer 23

The most industrialized country in Asia