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AP World > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
0
Q

Roman Catholic Church of West established independence from political authorities k

A

The Eastern Orthodox Church did not

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1
Q

Christianity provided common ground for post classical societies in western Eurasia

A

Yes

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2
Q

Western church was more _______ than Byzantium

A

Rural

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3
Q

Western Europe was a hybrid civilization

A

Classical, Germanic, Celtic…

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4
Q

Only 1/3 of all Christians lived in Europe

A
  • many distinct forms of Christianity in other regions

- many branches survived through out Afro-Eurasia, others were eliminated by spread of alternative religion

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5
Q

Christendom deeply divided the Byzantine empire and western

A
  • byz continued roman imperial traditions
  • western tried to maintain links to the classical world
  • roman imperial order disintegrated in the west
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6
Q

Christendom _____________ in Asia & Africa

A

Contracted

The rise of Islam accounted for the contraction of Christianity in Africa and Asia

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7
Q

Asian Christianity

A
  • after Muhammad’s death, few Christian groups remained
  • Jewish and Christian communities felt the impact of Islam
  • much depended on attitudes of Muslim leaders
    - – churches were destroyed; Christians forced to wear certain clothing
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8
Q

Asian Christianity: Syria and Persia

A
  • Arab conquest & warefare ppl turned to Islam
  • Christian leaders negotiated with Muslims
      • right to practice religion if special tax was paid
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9
Q

Nestorian churches survived Islam assault

A

In Persia, Iraq, Syria..

Church took root in china

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10
Q

The mongol conquest on Asia…

A

Was the renewal for Christianity

–welcomed new religions most mongols became christen

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11
Q

African Christianity

A
  1. African christen found themselves on decline bc of the expanding Islam
  2. Coptic church– ppl practiced as dhimmis (practice religion pay special tax)
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12
Q

Christian crusaders and mongol invaders threatened Egypt

A
  1. Many Egyptians converted to Islam and moved toward Arabic rather than Coptic (soon died out)
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13
Q

New center of Christianity was taking shape in Africa

A
  1. Several new kingdoms in Nubia & South Egypt
    • faith introduced by Muslim traders& missionaries
    • bible translated
    • kings served as priests & Christian bishops
    • Nubian armies defeated Arabs

Soon Nubian Christianity disappeared

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14
Q

Exception to contractions: Ethiopia

A
  • Rulers of Axum adopted Christianity
  • became Christian island in Muslim seas
      • protected by mountains
      • at a distance form others places
  • underground churches
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15
Q

Byzantine Christendom (building on roman past)

A
  1. Contraction of Asia & Africa left Europe and Anatolia as centers of Christendom
  2. Expansion of Islam & Arab – Spain under Muslim control
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16
Q

Byzantine empire did not have a clear starting point

A
  1. Continuation of Roman Empire
  2. Western Europe collapsed; eastern stayed for 1000 more years
  3. Eastern Europe contained ancient civilizations
17
Q

Byzantine advantages over Western Europe

A
  1. Wealthier and more urbanized
  2. More defensible capital (Constantinople)
  3. Shorter frontier
  4. Access to Black Sea
  5. Stronger army, navy, & merchant marine
  6. Conscious effort to preserve roman ways
18
Q

The Byzantine state

A
  1. Byz empire much smaller than the roman
  2. Remained a major force of the Easter Mediterranean
      • reinforced adm. System: generals had civil authority
  3. Political authority in Constantinople was tightly centralized
  4. Territory shrank as W. Europe & Turks attacked
19
Q

Byzantine church and christen divergence

A
  1. Caesaropapism (church closely tied to state)
  2. Orthodox Christianity deeply influence byz
      • made legit imperial rule
      • pervasiveness of church icons
  3. Latin Christianity
      • centered on pope
20
Q

Byzantine and the world

A
  1. Byzantine had a foot in both Asia & Europe (interacted with neighbors)
  2. Continuation of long roman fight with Persia
      • left open to conquests, byz lost territory
  3. Byzantine center of long distance trade
  4. Important cultural influence on Byzantine
21
Q

Conversion of Russia

A
  1. Most significant expansion of Eastern Orthodox occurred among the Slavic people
  2. Prince Vladimir of Kiev
22
Q

Western Christendom (constructing a hybrid civ)

A
  1. Western world followed different path than byz
  2. Most post-classical millennium
      • far removed from growing trade routes
      • European geography made political unity difficult
      • moderate climate enable pop growth
23
Q

With the roman collapse…

A
  1. Large scale centralized rule vanished
  2. European population fell from war & disease
  3. Contraction of land under cultivation
  4. Great reduction of urban life
  5. Long distance trade outside of Italy shriveled up
  6. Great decline of literacy
24
Q

Society and the church:

Within the new kingdoms…

A
  • Society was highly fragmented and decentralized
  • Great local variation
  • Landowning warrior elites excersize powers
25
Q

Western empire had social hierarchies

A
  • lesser lords and knights became vassals of kings

- serfdom displaced slavery

26
Q

Catholic Church was a major source of stability in the western empire

A
  • became very rich
27
Q

Western europes conversion of non-Christians

A
  • top down process
  • occasional coercion
  • considerable cultural accommodation
28
Q

Accelerating change in the west

A
  1. series of invasions hindered European development
  2. wearing improved with warming trend
  3. high Middle Ages (time of growth & expansion)
      • opening of new land for cultivation
  4. growth of long distance trade centers
  5. population Rose
  6. new opportunities for women
      • widows could continue husband business
      • urban professions open to women
      • opportunities soon declined
  7. growth of states and better organized governments
      • kings consolidated authority
      • territorial kingdoms
29
Q

Medieval expansion of Christendom in the west

A
  • same time byz declined
  • clearance of land
  • crusade movement began
30
Q

Europes crusade movement began

A
  • wars at gods command
  • authority by pope
  • most famous aimed to regain Jerusalem & holy place
  • attacks on byz & Russia
  • little lasting political/religious impact on ME
  • significant impact on Europe
  • hardened cultural barriers
31
Q

Hybrid civ of Western Europe was ____ __________ than byz! China! India and Islamic world

A

Less developed

32
Q

Western Europe catching up

A
  • European economies reconnected with Eurasian trading systems
  • most significant borrowing was from China
33
Q

Europe eventually caught up sign china and the Islamic world

A

Surpassed them in some areas

34
Q

Western europes agriculture..

A
  • development of heavy wheeled plows
  • greater dependence on horses
  • crop rotation
35
Q

Europe had new reliance on non-animals sourcesof energy

A

Wind mills

Water mills

36
Q

Pluralism in politics

A
  • Europe crystallized into system of competing city states
  • shaped western europes
    - -led to frequent wars and militarization
    - - stimulated technology development
37
Q

Reason and faith

A
  • intellectual life flourished after 1000
      • creation of universities
  • seRching for Classical Greek texts
  • no similar development occurred in byz
38
Q

In what ways did byz continue the patterns of the Roman Empire!

A

Continuance in roads, military structures, centralized administrative, imperial court, laws, Christian organization

39
Q

What differences seperated the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church?

A 
Roman Catholic:
Latin
Pope-final authority 
More independence from political structures
Eastern: 
Greek
Allowed hair and beards to grow long
Could marry
Rejected claims of roman pope
Saw ceaser as head of church

AP World (16 decks)

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