Period #4 Vocabulary (Set #2) Flashcards
Time period after the War of 1812. This was a renewed sense of independence and national pride in which Monroe was elected as president. However this was not always as happy. This period also had tension regarding tariffs, slavery, and political power within the Republican party.
Era of Good Feeling
Loyalty or support of a particular region or section of the nation, rather than the
United States as a whole. Slavery was particularly sectional issue, dividing the country into North and South to the extent that it led to the Civil War; for the most part, southerners supported slavery and northerners opposed it.
Sectionalism
5th president. He ushered in an age of intense patriotism and reverence for American heroes of the past. He urged Congress to pass tariff to protect industry so the Tariff of 1816 was created.
James Monroe
This was urged by Monroe. It imposed a 20 percent duty on all imported goods and became the first truly “protected tariff” in American history. This was made to deter cheap British goods from flooding into the market and injuring American manufacturing.
Tariff 1816
With this system Clay argued that the tariff would help establish manufacturing and bring in much needed revenue for internal improvements to aid those in the South.
American System
Andrew Jackson vetoed the recharter bill of the Second Bank of the United States on July 10, 1832, which was a blow against monopoly, aristocratic parasites, and foreign domination, as well as great victory for labor. Instead, Jackson created pet banks and destabilized the national currency and aid.
Second Bank of the United States
Threatened the Era of Good Feeling. The Second Bank of the U.S. caused this financial crisis because it overspeculated on land in the west and attempted to curb inflation by pulling back on credit for state banks.
Panic of 1819
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and a staunch Federalist who knew that if the Supreme Court tried to force Madison to deliver the commission, the Jefferson administration would ignore the order.
John Marshall
the Supreme Court ruled that a grant to a private land company was a contract within the meaning of the Contract Clause of the Constitution, and once made could not be repealed
Fletcher v. Peck
the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution to create the Second Bank of the United States and that the state of Maryland lacked the power to tax the Bank
McCulloch v. Maryland
The question was whether New Hampshire could change a private corporation, Dartmouth College into a state university. It was unconstitutional to change it. After a state charters a college or business, it can no longer alter the charter nor regulate the beneficiary
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
This would not allow any more slaves to be brought into the state and would provide for the emancipation of the children of Missouri slaves at the age of 25 years. Southerners were enraged by this abolition attempt by Northern representatives and crushed the amendment in the Senate.
Tallmadge Amendment
Marshall Court rules this (1824) The state of New York could not issue a monopoly to a steamboat company because it was in direct conflict with the commerce clause of the Constitution which gives the federal government control of interstate commerce.
Gibbons v. Ogden
Three bills that allowed for the admission of Missouri as a slave state, while also admitting Maine as a free state, to maintain the balance in the Senate. In addition, slavery would not be permitted above the 36’30’ line.
Missouri Compromise
This was back in Madison’s presidency. It was a treaty signed with U.S. and Britain to resolve issues involving Canada. It provided for the disarmament of the Great Lakes and frontier borders and created the largest unfortified border in the world between the U.S. and Canada.
Rush-Bagot Agreement
Spain surrendered Florida to the United States in 1819 by the Adams-Onis Treaty, with a sum of five million dollars. This however began a rebellion by the Indians, starting the Seminole War (1835-42), and becoming another reason for Indian hatred of the white man
Florida Purchase Treaty
A warning to the European powers to stay out of the western hemisphere. It quickly became the basis of U.S. foreign policy from that point forward. It called for “nonintervention” in Latin America and the end to European colonization. It was designed to check the power of Europe in the Western hemisphere and flex the muscles of the young nation.
Monroe Doctrine
The National Road was a highway across America. Construction began in
1811; the road progressed west during early 1800s, advancing father west with each year. Its crushed-stone surface helped and encouraged many settlers to travel into the frontier west.
National Road (Cumberland)
an artist turned inventor. In 1807, he and his partner, Robert Livingston,
introduced a steamship, the Clermont, on the Hudson River and obtained a monopoly on ferry service there until1824. Steamships created an efficient means of transporting goods upstream, and this led to an increase in the building of canals.
Robert Fulton (steamboats)
He invented the cotton gin and was an inventor who introduced the concept of interchangeable parts in 1798
Eli Whitey
The tools and machines he invented allowed unskilled workers to build absolutely uniform parts for guns, so that the whole gun no longer had to be replaced if a single part malfunctioned or broke. This was the beginning of mass production
Interchangeable Parts
A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793
Cotton Gin
a paternalistic textile factory system of the early 19th century that employed mainly young women [age 15-35] from New England farms to increase efficiency, productivity and profits in ways different from other methods
Lowell System
A method of production where a business or area focuses on the production of a limited scope of products or services.
Specialization
