Period #4 Vocabulary (Set #1) Flashcards
Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory from France for $15 million and basically doubled U.S. territory
Louisiana Purchase
Only act lawfully based on what the Constitution permits, do not act based on implied powers. Constitution holds the highest power, act and think as it outlines with zero exceptions.
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
The explorers who were sent to explore the Louisiana Purchase. They were sent mainly to find a water route connecting the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean. They expanded America’s knowledge of the vast territory and warned of the hardships settlers would face moving west. However, they failed finding an all-water route.
Lewis and Clark
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and a staunch Federalist who knew that if the Supreme Court tried to force Madison to deliver the commission, the Jefferson administration would ignore the order.
John Marshall
This would increase the power of the Supreme Court for it would check the authority of both the legislative and executive branches.
Judicial Review
the court case under the Marshall Court that established judicial review
Marbury v. Madison
several renegade countries on the Mediterranean coast of North America who demanded tribute in exchange for refraining from attacking ships in the Mediterranean
Barbary Pirates
Arbitrary seizure of goods or individuals by a government or its agents for public services. Used by British to regain deserters from the Royal Navy to American vessels during 1790 to 1812.
Impressment
In 1807 the US Chesapeake was stopped in the mid-Atlantic by the British Leopard.
The British demanded the return and surrender of four deserters from the royal navy, in which the Chesapeake’s commanding officer, James Barron, refused, resulting in British attack. Barron relented and the men were seized.
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
Jefferson persuaded Congress to pass this. It would prohibit U.S. merchant vessels from anchoring at any foreign port. Jefferson hoped that this would cripple the economy of Britain and France by the loss of American trade and they would be forced to respect America. However, this backfired it damaged the U.S. economy. New England was especially damaged.
Embargo Act
This was passed by Congress in the last days of Jefferson’s presidency to replace the Embargo Act. This law allowed the U.S. to trade with foreign nations except Britain and France.
Non-intercourse Act
This sought to lift trade restrictions against Britain or France but only after they agreed to honor U.S. neutrality. Napoleon said yes in hopes of stirring tensions between the U.S. and Britain. Madison was, however, fooled by Napoleon who never intended to honor his promise. In short, this failed and the British and French continued their practice of impressment and ship seizures, pushing the U.S. closer and closer to the brink of war.
Macon’s Bill No. 2
A Shawnee leader, who fought against the United States expansion into the Midwest. He opposed any surrender of Native American land to whites, and tried with his brother, Tenskwatawa the “Prophet,” in uniting the tribes from American customs, especially liquor.
Tecumseh
Hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe and ninth president of the United States
William Henry Harrison
This battle caused congressmen in the frontier to feel justified in their call for war. General Harrison sought to break up a large native confederacy that a pair of Shawnee brothers organized in the face of an American advance westward.
Battle of Tippecanoe
A group of militants in Madison’s Democratic-Republican party, who wanted more aggressive policies toward the hostile British and French. Thus creating a war spirit by several young congressman elected in 1810. This group in the House of Representatives, led by Henry Clay preferred war to the “ignominious peace.”
War Hawks
Argued that the tariff, along with the American System would help establish manufacturing and bring in much needed revenue for internal improvements to aid those in the South
Henry Clay
He penned the Southern Carolina Exposition, outlining the anger of the South in the face of the “Tariff of Abominations.” The essay expressed the Southern contention that the tariff was unconstitutional, as it severely altered trade with Europe that Southern farmers had become dependent on. He also recommended that the Southern states declare the tariff to be null and void if the federal government refused to lower the duty requirement.
John C. Calhoun
The a war in which the Americans were not prepared to fight. The young congressman known as War Hawks pushed Madison into a struggle for which the country was not prepared and which ended without victory.
War of 1812
Led the Southern troops in the War of 1812. He and his men thwarted the English attempt to control the Mississippi River in the Battle of New Orleans. However, there wasn’t really a point in this battle since Britain and America signed a peace treaty 2 weeks earlier. (He didn’t know about it, because communication was slow back then)
Andrew Jackson
The unnecessary battle that was fought by General Andrew Jackson who led his Southern troops to stop the English from controlling the Mississippi River. It was unnecessary because it was two weeks after the peace treaty between Britain and America was signed.
Battle of New Orleans
This ended the War of 1812. It was signed by American envoys and British diplomats. The provisions of the treaty provided for the end of the fighting, the return of any conquered territories to their rightful owners, and the settlement of a boundary between Canada and the U.S. that had been set before the war.
Treaty of Ghent
In which the New England Federalists meet at a convention in Hartford, Connecticut, to discuss ways to demand the federal government pay them for the loss of trade due to the Embargo Act, Macon’s Bill No.2 and the War of 1812. They also discussed possible amendments to the Constitution that would aim to hurt the Republicans. However, before they could announce their wishes, news of signing the Treaty of Ghent and Jackson’s victory at New Orleans drowned them out.
Hartford Convention
What title is set one of period four?
What range of years is set one of period four?
Age of Jefferson
1800-1816
