Perineum

Question 1

Anal triangle

Answer 1

anal canal, paired ischioanal fossae, posterior triangle

Question 2

male urogenital triangle

Answer 2

anterior triangle, penis, scrotum, testis, epididymis

Question 3

female urogenital triangle

Answer 3

anterior triangle, vulva, mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, vaginal orifice, clitoris

Question 4

upper 1/2 anal canal

Answer 4

from hindgut endoderm, columnar epithelium, anal columns, autonomic nerves, superior rectal a, middle rectal a, superior rectal v, lymphatics to inferior mesenteric nodes

Question 5

lower 1/2 anal canal

Answer 5

from ectoderm of proctodeum, stratified squamous epithelium, inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve, inferior rectal a, inferior rectal v, lymphatics to superficial inguinal nodes

Question 6

internal anal sphincter

Answer 6

smooth muscle, involuntary

Question 7

external anal sphincter

Answer 7

skeletal muscle, voluntary

Question 8

ischiorectal fossa boundaries

Answer 8

skin, levator ani, obturator internus, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament, deep transverse perineal muscles

Question 9

ischiorectal fossa, pudendal canal

Answer 9

fascial canal on lateral wall of fossa, internal pudendal vein

Question 10

Pudendal nerve

Answer 10

S2-S4, exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen, enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen

Question 11

pudendal nerve branches

Answer 11

inferior rectal , dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris, perineal nerves

Question 12

internal pudendal artery

Answer 12

off internal iliac a, branches are the inferior rectal and branches to penis or labia and clitoris

Question 13

urogenital superficial fascia fatty layer

Answer 13

in abdomen this is Camper’s fascia, continuous with ischiorectal fat,

Question 14

superficial fascia fatty MALE

Answer 14

diminished, disappears in scrotum and penis, replaced by dartos muscle in scrotum skin

Question 15

superficial fascia fatty FEMALE

Answer 15

fat in mons pubis and labia majora,

Question 16

Superficial fascia membranous Colles fascia

Answer 16

in abdomen its called Scarpa’s fascia, forms tubular sheath around penis and clitoris, in males this is attatched to scrotum dartos fascia

Question 17

deep fascia

Answer 17

envelops the muscles or perineum, fused to suspensory ligament of penis or clitoris, continues as deep penile fascia aka Buck’s fascia

Question 18

male superficial perineal pouch

Answer 18

potential space between membranous colles fascia and perineal membrane

Question 19

contents of male superficial perineal pouch

Answer 19

Root of penis (bulb and crura), 
Ischiocavernosus muscle
Bulbospongiosus muscle
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Spongy urethra

Question 20

male deep perineal pouch

Answer 20

space between superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm and perineal membrane, filled by sphincter urethrae, transverse perineal muscles

Question 21

male deep perineal pouch contents

Answer 21

Membranous urethra
External urethral sphincter	Bulbourethral(Cowper’s) gland
Deep transverse perineal muscle
Dorsal nerve of penis
Internal pudendal arterial branches

Question 22

dartos muscle

Answer 22

smooth muscle, helps elevate testes a little, mainly wrinkles or expands skin of scrotum, changes surface area for thermoregulation, innervated by genital branch of genitofemoral

Question 23

external sphincter urethrae

Answer 23

muscle surrounding membranous urethra, voluntary muscle innervated by perineal branch of pudendal nerve

Question 24

sympathetics

Answer 24

internal sphincters

Question 25

parasympathetics

Answer 25

smooth muscle in organ walls

Question 26

internal urethral sphincter

Answer 26

only present in males, smooth muscle, sympathetics control, prevents retrograde ejaculation into bladder

Question 27

external urethral sphincter

Answer 27

straited muscle, voluntary, permits holding urine past point at which bladder would empty as a reflex, prevents leakage

Question 28

erection

Answer 28

parasympathetic, pelvic splanchnic nerves S2-S4, dilates helicine arteries

Question 29

emission

Answer 29

sympathetic L1-L2, moves semen into prostatic urethra, peristalsis of ductus deferens and seminal vesicles

Question 30

ejaculation

Answer 30

somatic & autonomic, expulsion of secretions and sperm, rhythmic contractions of bulbospongiosus and ischiocaverous muscles, pudendal nerve S2-S4

Question 31

autonomics in ejaculation

Answer 31

sympathetics=close internal urethral sphincter, parasympathetics=contract urethral muscle