Ab Cavity 2

Question 1

Superior duodenum

Answer 1

1st part

intraperitoneal

Question 2

descending dueodenum

Answer 2

2nd part

secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 3

horizontal duodenum

Answer 3

3rd part

secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 4

ascending duodenum

Answer 4

4th part

secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 5

terminal slip

duodenum

Answer 5

5th part

intraperitoneal

Question 6

large intestine

CECUM

Answer 6

→ Blind intestinal pouch
→ Vermiform appendix at lower pole
→ Intraperitoneal

Question 7

large intestine

ASCENDING COLON

Answer 7

→ Found between cecum and right colic flexure
→ Forms right paracolic gutter
→ Secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 8

large intestine

TRANSVERSE COLON

Answer 8

→ Found between right and left colic flexures
→ Fuses with greater omentum
→ Intraperitoneal
→ Duodenum to left colic flexure is embryonic midgut
→ Beyond left colic flexure is embryonic hindgut

Question 9

large intestine

DESCENDING COLON

Answer 9

→ Forms left paracolic gutter

→ Secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 10

large intestine

SIGMOID COLON

Answer 10

→ S-shaped free portion of the large intestine
→ Intraperitoneal
→ Ends at rectosigmoid junction (end of taenia coli also)

Question 11

Rectum

Answer 11

→ Pelvic, fixed portion of large intestine

→ Primarily retroperitoneal

Question 12

Anus

Answer 12

primarily retroperitoneal

Question 13

left gastric artery

Answer 13

Off the celiac trunk

goes to the proximal portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 14

splenic artery

Answer 14

off celiac trunk

artery passes behind the stomach and pancreas and serves the spleen, branches include:
→ Pancreatic arteries go to the neck, body and tail of pancreas
→ Short gastric arteries go to the stomach (closest to the spleen)
→ Left gastro-omental artery (also called gastroepiploic) goes to the left side of the greater curvature of the stomach

Question 15

common hepatic artery

Answer 15

off celiac trunk

the major branch going towards the liver, its branches include:
→ Gastroduodenal artery
→ Right gastric artery
→ Proper hepatic artery

Question 16

gastroduodenal artery

Answer 16

off common hepatic a

 Right gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery goes to the right side of the greater curvature of the stomach
 Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery goes to the stomach, pancreas and the head of the duodenum
 Supraduodenal artery goes to the superior duodenum, it is sometimes absent

Question 17

right gastric artery

Answer 17

off common hepatic a

goes to the right lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 18

proper hepatic artery

Answer 18

off common hepatic a

(some books say that the R. gastric a. is a branch of the proper hepatic while others consider only arteries going to the liver to be branches of the proper hepatic). Its branches include:
 Right hepatic artery which gives off the Cystic artery to the gall bladder and goes to the liver
 Left hepatic artery to the liver

Question 19

Oxygenation of midgut

Answer 19

via superior mesenteric artery SMA

Question 20

inferior pancreaticduodenal a

Answer 20

off superior mesenteric a

which goes to the head of the pancreas and the duodenum

Question 21

intestinal branches

Answer 21

off SMA

go to the jejunum and ileum

Question 22

ileocolic artery

Answer 22

off SMA

goes to the distal ileum and the cecum

Question 23

Right colic artery

Answer 23

off SMA

goes to the ascending colon

Question 24

middle colic artery

Answer 24

off SMA

goes to the transverse colon

Question 25

marginal artery

Answer 25

off SMA this artery is an anastomotic artery that circles the colon; formed by the branches of the ileocolic, right colic, middle colic, and left colic (off IMA, see below) arteries. The marginal artery gives rise to the vasae rectae (straight vessels).

Question 26

hindgut oxygenated by

Answer 26

inferior mesenteric artery branches: • Left colic artery goes to the descending colon • Sigmoid artery goes to the sigmoid colon • Superior rectal arteries go to the proximal rectum

Question 27

Foregut innervation Celiac plexus Sympathetics

Answer 27

* Arise from T5-T9 spinal nerve levels * Presynaptics pass through sympathetic chain * Pass through the greater splanchnic nerve * Synapse in the celiac ganglia * Postsynaptics follow branches of celiac trunk to target organs

Question 28

Foregut innervation celiac plexus Parasympathetics

Answer 28

* Arise from the brain * Pass through Vagus nerve (X) * Pass through celiac plexus (without synapsing) * Follow branches of celiac trunk to targets * Synapse in ganglia in the gut plexuses * Postsynaptics reach targets via short postsynaptic fibers

Question 29

midgut innervation superior mesenteric plexus sympathetics

Answer 29

* Arise from T10-T12 spinal nerve levels * Presynaptics pass through sympathetic trunk * Pass through the lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-11) or least splanchnic (T12) * Synapse in the superior mesenteric ganglion * Postsynaptics follow branches of SMA to target organs

Question 30

midgut innervation superior mesenteric plexus parasympathetics

Answer 30

* Arise from the brain * Pass through Vagus nerve (X) * Pass through superior mesenteric plexus (without synapsing) * Follow branches of SMA to targets * Synapse in ganglia in the gut plexuses * Postsynaptics reach targets via short postsynaptic fibers

Question 31

hindgut innervation inferior mesenteric and hypogastric plexus SYMPATHETICS

Answer 31

* Arise from L1-L2 spinal nerve levels * Presynaptics pass through sympathetic trunk * Pass through lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-L2) * Synapse in the inferior mesenteric ganglion * Postsynaptics follow branches of IMA to target organs

Question 32

hindgut innervation inferior mesenteric and hypogastric plexus PARASYMPATHETICS

Answer 32

* Arise from S2-S4 spinal nerve levels * Pass through sacral spinal nerves (S2-S4) * Pass through pelvic splanchnic nerves (additional step) * Branches to the colon pass cranially through hypogastric plexus and inferior mesenteric plexus * Follow branches of IMA to targets * Synapse in ganglia in the gut plexuses * Postsynaptics reach targets via short postsynaptic fibers