Peridoic Table Flashcards
What are atoms?
Atoms are the basic building blocks of all materials
Element
An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom
Molecules
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join(bond together) chemically
Compounds
When a molecule is made up of two or more different types of elements chemically combined
Structure of the atom
The atom is made up of smaller particles called sub-atomic particles
Sub atomic particles
Protons, neutrons and electrons
Atomic number
The atomic number tells you how many protons there are in one atom of the element
Mass number
The mass number tells you how many protons and neutrons there are in the atom
Group 1- The alkali metals
All the alkali metals have one electron in their outer shell
Alkali metals
Lithium(Li), Sodium(Na), Potassium(K)
Alkali metals reaction to water
When an alkali metal such as lithium is added to water it floats and forms a ball shape
Alkali metals reaction to air
When alkali metals are cut a shiny surface is revealed but this surface quickly goes dull again as the metal reacts with oxygen in the air forming the metal oxide
Group the the Alkali earth metal
Beryllium(Be), Magnesium(Mg), Calcium(Ca)
All elements in this group have two electrons in their outer shell
Group 7- The halogens
They have seven electrons in their outer shell, including Fluorine(F) and Chlorine(Cl)
Group 8- (group 0) the noble gases
The elements in group 8 are all gases and have full outer shells of electrons in their atoms
The noble gases
Helium(He), Neon(Ne) and Argon(Ar)
What are ions
When atoms lose or gain electrons they become charged particles and are called ions
How are chemical bonds formed
A compound forms when two different elements combine
Ionic bonding
Ionic bonding produces a compound that is formed from a metal and non-metal and is mad up of ions. This occurs when one atom loses electrons and another atom gains electrons.
Covalent Bonding
Covalent bonding produces a compound formed from non-metals in which each atom shares electrons with another atom
Chemical formulas
Every compound has a formula - it tells you the type and number of atoms present in a compound. The chemical formula is made up of letters and numbers e.g. H20, CH4
Combining metals and non-metals
When a metal and a non-metal are combined the resultant compound is called after the name of the metal followed by the name of the non-metal with its ending changed to “-ide.”
Electrons
They surround the atom and orbit the atom
Protons
They are found in the nucleus
Neutrons
They are also found in the nucleus, they have no charge
