Perfusion 3

Question 1

Why are calcium channel blockers not first line for HTN?

Answer 1

They decrease CO by dilating arterioles but their specificity is not absolute

Question 2

Body Parts that have only SNS innervation

Answer 2

Adrenal medulla, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands, some blood vessels.

Question 3

Alpha 1 receptors

Answer 3

cause vasoconstriction
pupil dilation
increased closure of internal urinary sphincter
secretions

Question 4

Alpha 2 receptors

Answer 4

vasoconstriction of arteries
vasoconstriction of veins
decreased GI motility
Decreased smooth muscle motility
Contraction of male genitalia during ejaculation

Question 5

Beta 1 Receptors

Answer 5

increased myocardial activity and increased HR

Question 6

Beta 2 receptors

Answer 6

Smooth muscles in blood vessels, bronchi. Stimulation leads to vasodilation/BRONCHODILATION
increased muscle and liver breakdown of glycogen and increased release of glucagon from alpha cells in pancreas.
Antagonism would cause constriction in bronchi***and hypoglycemic traits

Question 7

Adrenergic Antagonist action

Answer 7

block catecholamine activity:
DECREASE IN: HR, conduction rate, contractility.
-also vasodilation

MEds:
Atenolol (beta 1-vasodilaton), Propanolol (beta 1/2 decreased AV node conduction) antiarrythmic
Metoprolol (beta 1, high dose beta 2)

Prazosin (alpha 1-peripheral vasodilation),
Phentolamine (alpha “)

Question 8

What to watch for in pts on Beta blockers

Answer 8

their vital signs will not compensate in state of emergency bc we have blocked the receptors.

Question 9

Beta 1 Specific Meds: what to watch for

Answer 9

may decrease HR so much that we need to make sure we have peripheral pulses and adequate skin color

Question 10

Centrally acting Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists

Answer 10

Stimulate CNS alpha 2 in the vasomotor directly.
Drugs: Clonidine, methyldopa

SE: hypotension, headache. bc they cross the BBB. Second line tx for pts who didn’t respond to meds