Drugs of Abuse Flashcards
Stimulant Drugs
Crystal meth (amphetamines) cocaine Psychoactive stimulants (ecstasy) alcohol
Sedative Drugs
Alcohol
Opioids
Sedative hypnotics and hallucinogens
Cannabinoids
Is alcohol a stimulant or sedative
Both
Stimulants ____ vital signs and alertness
increase
Crystal Meth increases
E and norepi.
Will ilicit euphoria, paranoia and hallucinations, skin sores, anorexia, and delusions
Effects of Stimulants
Happiness Elation Confidence Irritability/restlessness dilated pupils increased VS, hyperthermia anxiety tremors seizures
if there is not an antagonist we can give a med with opposite effects like a benzo
Cocaine
Sodium Channel Blocker
epinephrine reuptake inhibitor
- the only local anesthetic enhancing vasocontriction
Make be used in ENT surgeries to decrease hemhorraging
increases epinephrine, dopamine and serotonin.
addictive
Alcohol and Cocaine together in the body create ____
Coca-ethylene
A very potent and toxic drug. This builds up and prolongs the action of cocaine (blocks liver metabolism). This is toxic to organs and makes cocaine and alcohol synergistic. Potency becomes 3.5x higher than taken alone.
Ecstasy/MDMA/MDA
Amphetamine type hallucinogenics.
increases e, dopamine, serotonin
Rave drug, quick onset and long duration of action.
Long term causes sleep problems, anxiety, depression, impulsiveness, anorexia, negative neuroplasticity. The user will develop a tolerance and need a higher dose to have an effect.
Alcohol
Increases Ach, serotonin, GABA
Phase of stimulation followed by phase of sedation.
Stroke and seizure risk when alcohol and cocaine mix.
Metabolism in liver: competition of CYP450 with other drugs which will prolong the effects of alcohol.
METADOXINE is given in overdose as well as Vit B
Alcohol uses Vit B in its metabolism.
Alcohol is ___ order
zero order kinetics
in high amounts it becomes cytotoxic and neurotoxic.
Effects of Sedative Drugs
Relaxation, Fatigue carefree feelings uninhibited behaviours Amnesia hallucinations psychosis anxiety hopelessness depression/suicidal thoughts mental health conditions
Opioids
Antagonist: Narcan
Inhibits Substance P
MU receptor is where analgesia happens
MU2 has a higher degree of physical dependancy
the more we use opioids the less effective they are
Bradycardia and apnea, low BP, constricted pupils, hypoxia and apnea are dangers of overdose
Fentanyl
High efficacy and potency
Very lipophilic, crosses into CNS, lowers VS, MU kappa receptors bound.
Heroin
Highly lipophilic, crosses BBB rapidly.
Give narcan
Sedative Hypnotics/hallucinogens
Increased serotonin and dopamine
NMDA (glutamate) receptor antagonist
Hallucinations, altered perceptions, sedation and amnesia
drugs: Psilocybin (mushrooms) dymethyltryptamine (DMT) Ketamine, phencyclidine (PCP) Quaaludes (methaqualone)
Mushrooms
psilocin and psilocybin active ingredients
Negative neuroplasticity with exposure
DMT (dymethyltryptamine)
Negative neuroplastiticy
Ketamine
date rape drug
high sedation, amnesia and resp depression
PCP
closely related to ketamie, first excitation phase with serotinin/dopamine and then sedation phase with glutamate and opiod receptors
Cannabinoids
THC agonizes CB1 and CB2 receptors which are found in CNS and PNS. mostly in hippocampus and amygala. (induction of amnesia bc amygdala is memory filter)
CBD: modulates cb1, 2 and others. increases serotonin, dopamine and anadamide (short term memory loss)
Effects of CBD, THC
increased appetite, decreased pain, alterations in emotional and cognitive processes
loss of focus and memory
increased dopamine ivertime
psychosis risk with exposure
Can be used to treat seizures and nausea
ADME for Cannabis
lipophilic, re-release from fatty tissues back into the blood and prolongs half life. CYP450 metabolized (alcohol CYP450 as well)
cleared slower the more it is used
THC resin
highly concentrated THC, hallucinations and volatile VS changes.
