Performance of Complex Movements - Chap. 7

Question 1

the CNS prefers to perform what type of movements

Answer 1

symmetrical
-in phase then antiphase

Question 2

what are asymetric coordination patterns

Answer 2

anything thats not inphase or antiphase

Question 3

according to fitts law, how shoudl the bimanual tasks go

Answer 3

each limb would arrive at its target in a movement time that was consistent with the tasks ID
-congruent tasks mt similiar
-incogruent tasks mt should be faster for limb moving to the smaller index of difficulty

Question 4

when performing a bimanual fitts task what dictates the movement time

Answer 4

the more difficult task
-tend to slow down hand doing easy task to match the speed of the hand doing the more difficult one

Question 5

what stage of info processing is the bottlneck found in

Answer 5

response programming

Question 6

the idea that the limbs want to move symmetrically occurs beacuse of what

Answer 6

bottlneck during reponse programming

Question 7

hwat is bimanual coordination

Answer 7

two limbs perform tasks at same time
-whether its same task or a different one

Question 8

for locomotion what tasks will have the least amount of variability

Answer 8

when moving at prefered speed and coordination pattern
-ex: walking fast and running slow are difficult to achieve

Question 9

what happens when one starts moving outside of their comfortable zone

Answer 9

variability increases

Question 10

how can we measure how consistent coordination is when it comes to limbs

Answer 10

by comparing where one limb is relative to another

Question 11

what is antiphases relative phase

Answer 11

0 degrees
-one limb relative to another should always be insync
ex: both limbs at 90 degrees, then 90-90=0

Question 12

antiphase relative phase

Answer 12

180 degrees
-one limb at full extension other is at side
-180-0=180 degrees

Question 13

asymetrical pattern of relative phase

Answer 13

90 degrees
-90-0=90
OR
-180-90=90

Question 14

3 factors of coordination dynamics

Answer 14

-humans rpefer symmetrical patterns
-self-organization
-control parameters

Question 15

what are our 2 main sources when it comes to learning asymmetrical patterns

Answer 15

proprioception and vision

Question 16

compare speed-accuracy trade off when it comes to generalized motor program and dynamical systems theory

Answer 16

GMP
-movement longer=reduced speed
-accuracy decreases=variability increases
DYNAMICAL
-if variability increases=seek new coordination pattern

Question 17

what is interpersonal coordination

Answer 17

degree of individuals synchronization of their body movements, both in time and form when they interact socially

Question 18

to be an individual difference, stabel across what 2 things

Answer 18

-from attempt to attempt
-time

Question 19

what are 2 ways that individual differences come in handy

Answer 19

-define ability
-predict future capacity

Question 20

definition of ability

Answer 20

genetically determined and largely unmodifiable by practice or experience
-pasrt of the basic equipment people inherit

Question 21

definition of skill

Answer 21

ones proficiency at a particular task
-can be modified by practice, represent person potential to perform those aprticular acitvities

Question 22

4 characteristics of abilities

Answer 22

-inherited traits
-stable and enduring
-number perhaps 50
-each underlines many different skills

Question 23

4 characteristics of skills

Answer 23

-developed with practice
-easily modificable with practice
-countless in number
-each depends on several abilities

Question 24

what is the general motor ability

Answer 24

an outdated view
-the all-around athlete is one who possesses a strong general capacity for skille motor performance
-conversly, is the personw ho lacks a strong general motor ability and thus succeeds essentially no skilled PA
**all motor performances are based on a single ability

Question 25

what is a similiar concept to general motor ability and describe

Answer 25

motor educability
-analogous to idea of IQ: innate capability to learn cognitive materials
-thought to represent some general ability to aquire new motor skills
**not considered a viable concept today

Question 26

what are 3 key points to summarize the general motor ability notion

Answer 26

-single, inherited motor ability is assumed
-it underlies all movement/motor tasks
-strong general motor ability=good at all motor tasks

Question 27

describe henrys specifcity hypothesis

Answer 27

-if person performs well on skill A then assume they have a strong general motor ability and will then perform well for skill B too
-vice versa
**leads to prediction that if general motor ability exists, with all skills being dependent on a single general motor ability, then all skills whould show strong relationshiops among them

Question 28

what are 5 thigns found from henrys specificity hypotheiss

Answer 28

-correlations among diff. skills are generally low
-skills that apepar quite similiar usually correlate poorly
-lack of correlation argues against general motor ability
-skills with only minor difference can correlate strongly
-tells us there are many abilities and not simply a single general motor ability

Question 29

abilities are _____ by practice

Answer 29

unmodifiable

Question 30

different combinations of abilities contribute to what

Answer 30

different skills

Question 31

contribustions of abilities to skill performance ___________ as ____________ changes

Answer 31

-

Question 32

name 3 types of motor abilties

Answer 32

-reaction time
-speed of movement
-response oritentation

Question 33

what is the relative age effect

Answer 33

those born early in the eyar tend to perform to a higher level than those born later
-have had more time in the world but are at start things such as school or sports at same time

Question 34

prediction and selection based on ability is frequently used where

Answer 34

in sports and professional programs
-evaluation camp
-dentistry
-GPAs and post grad programs

Question 35

how to predict succes

Answer 35

current ability + training and practice = future performance (criterion task)

Question 36

how effective is skill prediction

Answer 36

better to base decisions when more skilled
-still not very good, too many unknowns

Question 37

there is no general ability to be what 3 thigns

Answer 37

-quick
-balance
-use vision
**based on diverse abilities, no single ability, even if could be trained
-general abilites are also by definition genetically etermiend and thus cannot be modified by practice

Question 38

bilateral transfer is also known as what other 3 things

Answer 38

-intermanual transfer
-cross-transfer
-cross-education

Question 39

what is an example for bilateral transfer

Answer 39

training protocol for upper-extremity prosthesis
protocol
1.pre-test
2.practice
3. post-test

Question 40

evidence for bilateral transfer has existed since when

Answer 40

1930s

Question 41

what are 2 questions remaining about bilaterla transfer

Answer 41

-direction of greatest transfer
-why does it occur

Question 42

what is bilateral transfer

Answer 42

possibility of transfer of a motor skill from one hand to the other