Chapter 11 - Augmented Feedback

Question 1

when one receives augmented feedback, this adds what to the conceptual model

Answer 1

measured outcome - knowledge of results and performance - comparator

Question 2

what is knowledge of results

Answer 2

-info about goal outcome
-often redundant with intrinsic feedback
-usually a score

Question 3

what is knowledge of performance

Answer 3

-info about movement pattern
-usually distinct on intrinsic feedback
-usually kinematic info
-common every day activity

Question 4

what is intrinsic feedback

Answer 4

info provided as a natural consequence of making an action

Question 5

what is augmented feedback

Answer 5

info from measured performance outcome that is fed back to the learner by some artificial means
-extrinsic feedback

Question 6

what are 4 factors that augmented feedback influence

Answer 6

-motivation
-attentional focus
-information
-dependancy

Question 7

how does augmented feedback indirectly help motivation

Answer 7

helps learners stay engaged
-relatively frequently

Question 8

how does augmented feedback direlcty help motivation

Answer 8

providing feedback after good is more benificial then after bad

Question 9

how does augmented feedback help information

Answer 9

it relays info
-helps learner know what to focus on

Question 10

how does knowledge of performance shift a learners attentional demands

Answer 10

internal focus
-movement related info

Question 11

how can augmented feedback create a dependency

Answer 11

learner can use the info from the instructor to keep errors to a minimum BUT need to develop own error detecting mechanism for performance (guidance hypothesis)

Question 12

what are the 4 modalities for augmented feedback

Answer 12

verbal
video replay
kinematic models
biofeedback

Question 13

what does verbal knowledge of performance help with

Answer 13

skill analysis
-helps instructor prioritise
-what are the foundational skills

Question 14

what is descriptive knowledge of performance

Answer 14

what happened
-enough info for experts because they can adjust with just what they felt
-not good enough for beginners

Question 15

what is prescriptive knowledge of performance

Answer 15

what happened and what to do about it
-best for beginners because theya re still figuring out what to do and their general motor program is not developed so they need a little bit of guidance

Question 16

what type of augmented feedback has best retention 2 weeks later

Answer 16

video and verbal knowledge of performance
-allows to pick up visual coordination that verbal info lacks with the added video

Question 17

what is the best way to give augmented feedback

Answer 17

video plus corrections (prescriptive knowledge of performance)

Question 18

what is a blank trial

Answer 18

where no feedback is given and cant detect own errors

Question 19

what are 4 techniques to reduce feedback frequency

Answer 19

-faded beedback
-bandwidth feedback
-summary/average augmented feedback
-self-selected frequency

Question 20

what is faded feedback

Answer 20

start with lots and then gradually decreasewh

Question 21

why is faded feedback beneficial

Answer 21

early on provides beginners motivation and establishes general motor programd
-with less feedback later on helps build comparator

Question 22

what is bandwidth feedback

Answer 22

based on performance

Question 23

what are teh 2 rules of the bandwidth feedback

Answer 23

-no feedback is given if some measure of performance falls within an acceptable level of correctness
(learner must be told ahead of time to interpret the absence of feedback to mean that performance was essentially correct)
-precise feedback indicating the amount and direction of the error is given if and when performance falls outside the range of acceptability

Question 24

how is the bandwitdh decided in the feedback

Answer 24

can be varied to suit the learner

Question 25

do performance based bandwidths lead to better learning

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

in the size of bandwitdh study, which group performed the most consistent movement times and why, 0, 5 or 10%

Answer 26

10%
-lower variable error means less feedback
-allowed to make some mistakes and build self correction mechanism

Question 27

what are 4 benefits of the bandwidth feedback

Answer 27

-faded frequency and feedback
-indirect feedback about good trials
-helps stabilize performance
-can be individualized

Question 28

what is summary feedback

Answer 28

provides a summary of a number of trials
-should summarize 5 trials
-helps with consistant good feedback

Question 29

how does summary feedback work

Answer 29

-decrease dependency
-develop more stable mvoement pattern
-learners are encouraged to focus on intrinsic feedback

Question 30

what are 2 benefits of summary feedback

Answer 30

-improves efficiency of practice
-benefit often seen for delayed retention tests

Question 31

what is self-selected frequency and why us this

Answer 31

learners decides when they want to receive feedback
-engage in problem solving
-source of motivation

Question 32

what are 3 common things for learners to do when it comes to self-selected feedback

Answer 32

-chose relatively low frequency
-chose to fade their feedback
-they select feedback on their good trials

Question 33

what are 2 ways to give feedback during a movement

Answer 33

concurrent feedback
physical guidance techniques
-wont develop own feedback mechanisms

Question 34

when is phsyical guidance needed

Answer 34

when cost of errors is high
-should be used in small doses if not

Question 35

what is concurrent feedback

Answer 35

info about peformance during execution of an aciton
-leads to good performance i practice but not in retention

Question 36

what are 3 forms of feedbacks after the movemetn

Answer 36

-instantaneous
-empty feedback delay intervals
-filled feedback delay intervals