Chapter 11 - Augmented Feedback Flashcards
when one receives augmented feedback, this adds what to the conceptual model
measured outcome - knowledge of results and performance - comparator
what is knowledge of results
-info about goal outcome
-often redundant with intrinsic feedback
-usually a score
what is knowledge of performance
-info about movement pattern
-usually distinct on intrinsic feedback
-usually kinematic info
-common every day activity
what is intrinsic feedback
info provided as a natural consequence of making an action
what is augmented feedback
info from measured performance outcome that is fed back to the learner by some artificial means
-extrinsic feedback
what are 4 factors that augmented feedback influence
-motivation
-attentional focus
-information
-dependancy
how does augmented feedback indirectly help motivation
helps learners stay engaged
-relatively frequently
how does augmented feedback direlcty help motivation
providing feedback after good is more benificial then after bad
how does augmented feedback help information
it relays info
-helps learner know what to focus on
how does knowledge of performance shift a learners attentional demands
internal focus
-movement related info
how can augmented feedback create a dependency
learner can use the info from the instructor to keep errors to a minimum BUT need to develop own error detecting mechanism for performance (guidance hypothesis)
what are the 4 modalities for augmented feedback
verbal
video replay
kinematic models
biofeedback
what does verbal knowledge of performance help with
skill analysis
-helps instructor prioritise
-what are the foundational skills
what is descriptive knowledge of performance
what happened
-enough info for experts because they can adjust with just what they felt
-not good enough for beginners
what is prescriptive knowledge of performance
what happened and what to do about it
-best for beginners because theya re still figuring out what to do and their general motor program is not developed so they need a little bit of guidance
what type of augmented feedback has best retention 2 weeks later
video and verbal knowledge of performance
-allows to pick up visual coordination that verbal info lacks with the added video
what is the best way to give augmented feedback
video plus corrections (prescriptive knowledge of performance)
what is a blank trial
where no feedback is given and cant detect own errors
what are 4 techniques to reduce feedback frequency
-faded beedback
-bandwidth feedback
-summary/average augmented feedback
-self-selected frequency
what is faded feedback
start with lots and then gradually decreasewh
why is faded feedback beneficial
early on provides beginners motivation and establishes general motor programd
-with less feedback later on helps build comparator
what is bandwidth feedback
based on performance
what are teh 2 rules of the bandwidth feedback
-no feedback is given if some measure of performance falls within an acceptable level of correctness
(learner must be told ahead of time to interpret the absence of feedback to mean that performance was essentially correct)
-precise feedback indicating the amount and direction of the error is given if and when performance falls outside the range of acceptability
how is the bandwitdh decided in the feedback
can be varied to suit the learner
do performance based bandwidths lead to better learning
yes
in the size of bandwitdh study, which group performed the most consistent movement times and why, 0, 5 or 10%
10%
-lower variable error means less feedback
-allowed to make some mistakes and build self correction mechanism
what are 4 benefits of the bandwidth feedback
-faded frequency and feedback
-indirect feedback about good trials
-helps stabilize performance
-can be individualized
what is summary feedback
provides a summary of a number of trials
-should summarize 5 trials
-helps with consistant good feedback
how does summary feedback work
-decrease dependency
-develop more stable mvoement pattern
-learners are encouraged to focus on intrinsic feedback
what are 2 benefits of summary feedback
-improves efficiency of practice
-benefit often seen for delayed retention tests
what is self-selected frequency and why us this
learners decides when they want to receive feedback
-engage in problem solving
-source of motivation
what are 3 common things for learners to do when it comes to self-selected feedback
-chose relatively low frequency
-chose to fade their feedback
-they select feedback on their good trials
what are 2 ways to give feedback during a movement
concurrent feedback
physical guidance techniques
-wont develop own feedback mechanisms
when is phsyical guidance needed
when cost of errors is high
-should be used in small doses if not
what is concurrent feedback
info about peformance during execution of an aciton
-leads to good performance i practice but not in retention
what are 3 forms of feedbacks after the movemetn
-instantaneous
-empty feedback delay intervals
-filled feedback delay intervals
