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Motor Control - 2700 > How we decide to move - Chap. 2 > Flashcards

How we decide to move - Chap. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of the information processing approach

A

-input
-stimulus identification
-response selection
-movement/response programming
-output

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2
Q

what needs to happen before any action can be taken

A

information processing
stimulus identification, response selection, response programming

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3
Q

what is reaction time

A

the time it takes from the presentation of a stimulus and the occurence of a response to it
-whatever processing needs to be done before mvoement occurs

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4
Q

what are the 3 stages of reaction time

A

-stimulus identification
-response selection
-movement programming

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5
Q

what is the first stage of reaction time and give a definition

A

stimilus identification
-process of picking out a particular sitmulus among many stimuli which may be present

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6
Q

what is the idea behing the information processing approach

A

-stages non-overlapping
-all processing in a given stage is completed before passing on to the next

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7
Q

stimulus identification stage of reaction time is primarily what type of stage

A

a sensory stage

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8
Q

what is the second stage of reaction time and it answers what question

A

response selection
-what should i do?

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9
Q

give definition of response selection

A

deciding what response to make, given the nature of the situation and environment

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10
Q

what type of stage is response selection in reaction time

A

a transition stage between sensory input (stimulus identification) and movement output (movement programming)

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11
Q

what is the final stage of reaction time and give definition

A

movement programming
-organizing the motor system to make the desired movement

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12
Q

what are the general tasks of the movement programming stage must complete before any movement can occur

A

-ready lower-level mechanisms in brainstem and spinal cord for action
-retrieve and organize a motor program that will eventually control the movement

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13
Q

what type of stage is the mvoement programming of reaction time

A

motor type

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14
Q

what is the measurement of reaction time

A

speed and effectiveness of decision making

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15
Q

what 3 thigns are reaction time important for

A

sports
safety
theoretical understanding

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16
Q

what is the period of time of reaction time

A

starts when stimulus is first presented and ends when movment response starts

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17
Q

what is movement time

A

time that is taken to complete a movement

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18
Q

what is response time

A

reaction time and movement time together
-the time it takes to process the stimulus and decide on a response and how long it takes for the movement to occur

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19
Q

what are 3 factors that influence reaction time and desicion making

A

-number of stimulus
-response compatibility
-anticipation

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20
Q

an increased number of stimulus present makes what stage of reaction time harder

A

the simtulus identification stage

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21
Q

what is the definition of hicks law

A

the more options that are available to a person, the longer it will take for them to make a decision about which option is the best

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22
Q

give hicks law definition when it coems to reaction time

A

reaction time increases everytime response options doubled in a predictable manner

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23
Q

what is choice reaction time

A

performer must choose one response from a subset of possible predetermined movements
-2 or mroe stimulus
-2 or more responses

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24
Q

definition of foreperiod

A

interval between a warning stimulus and the imperative stimulus

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25
Q

what is simple reaction time

A

reactoin time of only one present stimulus
-1 stimulus 1 response
-fastest reaction time

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26
Q

donders work is based off of what idea

A

that the time between stimulus and response is occupied by a train of successive processes (stages)
-each one begins only when the preceding one has ended

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27
Q

why does donders stages of processing doesnt work perfectly

A

assumes that the stages are cereal

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28
Q

what is the first stage of donders processing

A

Tyep - A
-stimulus detection only
(simple reaction time)

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29
Q

what is the second stage of donders processing

A

Type C
-stimulus detection
-stimulus identification
(discriminate RT, GO NO GO reaction)

30
Q

what is the third stage of donders processing

A

Type B
-stimulus detection
-stimulus identification
-response selection
(choice RT)

31
Q

based off of donders stages, how do you find the time for stimlus identification in a discrimination task

A

subtract the simple RT from the discriminate RT???

32
Q

based off of donders stages, how do you find the response selection from a choice task

A

subtract the choice RT from the discriminate RT??

33
Q

what is hicks law in equation form

A

Choice RT = a + b log2(N)
a=RT-intercept
b=RT-slope
N=stimulus-response alternatives

34
Q

what does the hicks law in equation form imply

A

that choice RT increases a constant amount every time the number of stimulus-response alternatives is doubled

35
Q

Hicks law says that choice RT is linearly related to what

A

the amount of info that must be processed tor resolve the uncertainty about the various possible stimulus-response alternatives

36
Q

what are 5 factors that influence reaction time

A

-population stereotypes
-practice/expertise
-anticipation
-preparation
-stimulus response compatability

37
Q

what is stimulus response compatability

A

extent to which the stimulus and the response it evokes are connected in a natural way

38
Q

what is the opposite of stimulus response compatibility

A

stimulus response incompatbility

39
Q

for a given number of stimulus response alternatives, how does increasing the stimulus compatability affect choice reaction time

A

decreases it

40
Q

what is population stereotypes

A

type of population stereotypes
-act habitually due to specific cultural learning
-learned association

41
Q

what 2 major factors does research show that affect choice RT

A

-nature or amount of practice (or both)
-stimulus response caompatability

42
Q

practice has a larger effect on simple or choice reaction time and why

A

choice rt
-practice reduces the steepness of the increase in RT as the number of stimulus response alternatives increases

43
Q

why is anticipation a factor that can help decrease ones reaction time

A

knowing what to expected or what you must do, allows one to organize movements in advance
-completing some or all of the information processing activities usually conducted during response selection or moveming programming stage

44
Q

what are teh 2 types of anticipation

A

spatial and temporal

45
Q

what is temporal anticipation

A

ability to predict timing of forthcoming sensatinos and actions

46
Q

what is spatial anticipation

A

ability to predict direction of forthcoming sensations and actions

47
Q

definition of anticpation

A

way performers try to overcome the delaysw

48
Q

definition of preperation

A

organize movements in advance

49
Q

experts have a large advantage over novices in what

A

perceptual anticipation

50
Q

how to obtain time for stimulus identification during a type c (choice) task

A

subtract choice reaction time from simple reaction time

51
Q

how to obtain time for response selection in the discriminator task

A

subtract the discrimintor reaction time from the choice reaction tme

52
Q

why is it so easy to false start in a 100m sprint race

A

if a racers reaction time to the go noise is less than 100ms (which may happen to those who practice a lot and get a quicker response time) that is considered a false start
-as well as the startle effect

53
Q

what is the physiology of the startle effect

A

when a go signal is loud enough (around 100db)
-instead of initiating movement from motor cortex
-initiates it from brain stem pathways
-activating movement closer to actual muscles (pathway is faster)

54
Q

factor that affects the capability to predict effectively

A

regularity of the event

55
Q

what are the disadvantages of anticipation

A

-when anticipated action is not what actually happens
-can cause more processing activities needing to be done and a longer delay

56
Q
A
56
Q

what is the advantage of anticipation from a motor control percpective

A

it allows various information processing activities to take place in advance so they do not have to occur after the reaction stimulus is presented

57
Q

what memory system is very brief - lots of information

A

short term sensory store

58
Q

what memory system is this, temporary - requires rehearsal

A

short term memory

59
Q

what memory system is this, long lasting - lots of infor

A

long term memory

60
Q

what is the briefest of all memories

A

short term sensory store

61
Q

what do we rely on our short term sensory store for

A

all our daily activities whenever we see, hear or feel things

62
Q

the short term sensory store is responsible fore storing what

A

vast amounts of sensory info only long enough for some of it to be abstracted and further processed

63
Q

what do they call the short term sensory store

A

a brief holding cell for sensory info
-not considered to be sustained by attention

64
Q

researchers sometimes call short term memoru wjat

A

working memor

65
Q

what is short term memory

A

a temporary holding place for info
-unless information repeated, will be lost from memory in a short period of time

66
Q

what does long term memory contain

A

very well learned info that has been collected over a lifetime

67
Q

how much can be stored in long term memor

A

limitless in capacity
-such info may never be forgotten

68
Q

why do they say that info can still be in long term memory even if there is an apparent loss of inof

A

may just be due to a temporary inaccessibility of the stored info
-memory is still there but the retrieval of it posed a problem

69
Q
A

Motor Control - 2700 (11 decks)

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