Performance Management And Reward Flashcards
What does Mohrman say?
All activities within a business should be contributing to better performance
What is performance management?
Armstrong and Baron
A process which contributes to effective management of individuals and teams to achieve high organisational performance
Describe Boxall and Purcell’s AMO model
Ability, motivation & opportunity
Performance is a function of all 3 and so employer has to maximise
How might performance management be seen from a management perspective?
Top down
A way of controlling and manipulating
What skills do managers need to effectively manage performance?
Able to set objectives
Understand technical aspects
Monitor progress
Measure results
What is the eternal triangle?
According to Herzberg there are three general philosophies of HR management
Organisational theory, industrial engineering and behavioural science
How can you improve performance at each stage of the employee life cycle?
Recruitment Values aligned and test for potential Induction How robust? Does it make expectations explicit? Reed survey found that 93% of people thought that poor induction had adverse effect on productivity Probation Not just form filling true evaluation Appraisals Constant feedback and positive reinforcement
What is appreciative enquiry?
Bryce
When employees are encouraged to focus on their strengths they are more likely to succeed and have greater job satisfaction
What do managers need to know in order to manage performance?
How we can define performance
Who should define performance
How we can measure performance
Link between motivation performance
What is performance?
Bernandin - defined as the outcomes of work
Brumbach - performance means behaviours and results
Who defines performance within the organisation?
Can be top down
Can be bottom up - (Semler - employees at Selco set own targets and rewards)
Nonaka - can have combination
More likely to gain commitment and achievement by involving employees
What are some problems with setting measurable goals?
How do you measure creativity and innovation?
Temporal barriers - targets set in time which might affect measurement eg long term
What is targetology?
Reeves
Fixation with targets
One or two clear targets can be powerful but a hundred is a recipe for confusion, stress and disaster
What are some problems associated with targets?
Not all objectives can be split - may be meaning less if broken down too much
Quantity over quality
Goal displacement - measure becomes goal
Individualisation - causes competition
Employees focus on goal achievement and neglect other responsibilities
What are they key rules of measuring performance?
Should be ongoing
Golden rule - no surprises
What do Locke and Latham say about goal setting?
Feedback and setting targets can be motivator
What are the different types of appraisal?
Top down
Self appraisal
Peer appraisal
Multi rater 360
Which is the most common type of appraisal?
Top down with self appraisal the preparation
What are the 2 main approaches to appraisals?
Results oriented - setting quantifiable, achievable and time bounded objectives
Agreed between manager and report
Geared towards organisational objectives
Competency oriented - demonstration of key skills associated with high peformance
What do Armstrong and baron say about the link between PM and reward?
Trend is increasing emphasis on development and de-emphasising link between performance and pay
What is the problem with linking performance to pay?
Employees less likely to highlight development need if it might affect pay
Discuss rating scale issues
People unhappy with average rating
Swiss federal administration trialled a++ to c grades (psychologically want a++ but most get A which is better than mse)
What are Furnhams systematic perception errors?
First impressions Halo effect Horns effect Contrast error Same as me Different to me Recency effect Central tendency Leniency Strict Spillover effect Status effect
What is the problem with fixed quota systems?
Can lead to meaningless appraisals
Have to differentiate to be fair
