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COMMPractical > Performance and Limitations > Flashcards

Performance and Limitations Flashcards

1
Q

How is performance affected as air becomes less dense ?

A

less engine power
less thrust
less lift

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2
Q

What is standard atmosphere at sea level ?

A

15C 29.92 Hg

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3
Q

What are standard temp and pressure lapse rates ?

A

2C per 1000 ft to 36K

1 in Hg per 1000 ft to 10K

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4
Q

What is pressure altitude ?

A

Height Baseline for calibrating barometric altimeter
Measured highest and lowest pressures globally
31.00 on high end
28.00 on low end
PA of 29.92 in middle

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5
Q

Why is Pressure altitude important ?

A

basis for performance
traffic separation
assigning flight levels

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6
Q

Method for determining pressure altitude ?

A 
set baro to 29.92 and read indicated altitude
flight computer (using indicated and Hg)
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7
Q

What is density altitude ?

A

PA corrected for non-standard Temp

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8
Q

How does air density affect performance ?

A

density increases, better performance

density decreases, poor performance

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9
Q

How is density altitude determined ?

A

find PA, then correct for non-standard temp variations

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10
Q

What does density altitude mean to aircraft performance ?

A

The aircraft will perform as if it was at that altitude.

normally aspirated engines

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11
Q

What factors affect density altitude ?

A

changes in
altitude
temperature
humidity

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12
Q

What effect does atmospheric pressure have on air density ?

A

its proportional

higher pressure causes higher density altitude

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13
Q

What effect does temperature have on air density ?

A

varies inversely
warmer causes density decrease
colder causes density increase

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14
Q

What effect does humidity have on air density ?

A

as water vapor increase, density decreases

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15
Q

What is relative humidity ?

A

percentage of maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold

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16
Q

What effect does landing at high-elevation airports have on ground speed ?

A

true airspeed is faster, resulting in faster ground speed.
greater distance to clear obstacles
longer ground roll etc

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17
Q

What are some of the elements of aircraft performance ?

A 
Takeoff distance
landing distance
rate-of-climb
ceiling
payload
Range
Speed
Maneuverability
Stability
Fuel economy
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18
Q

What is relationship to lift, weight thrust in steady state flight ?

A 
lift = weight
thrust = drag
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19
Q

What are the types of drag ?

A

induced (wing drag)

parasitic (aircraft skin)

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20
Q

What is induced drag ?

A

drag as a by-product of lift

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21
Q

What is parasitic drag ?

A

friction of air moving over the aircraft

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22
Q

How does drag increase as speed increases ?

A

2x speed = 4x drag

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23
Q

Define the term “service ceiling”

A

Max altitude of aircraft where
Vy = 100 FPM
Max weight

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24
Q

Will aircraft always be able to climb at service ceiling ?

A

No, depends on density altitude

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25
Q

What is the definition of absolute ceiling ?

A

altitude at which a climb is not longer possible

26
Q

What is power loading ?

A

Dividing total weight of airplane by brake HP

27
Q

What is wing loading ?

A

Dividing total weight of airplane by wing area

28
Q

What is maximum range ?

A

max distance for given fuel.

obtain by L/D max

29
Q

What is maximum endurance ?

A

max TIME for given fuel

obtained at min power for flight

30
Q

What is ground effect ?

A

interference of ground with airflow
reduction of upwash and downwash
occurs within wingspan of ground

31
Q

What problems can occur by ground effect ?

A

Landing - less drag causes float

Takeoff - excess weight airborne in ground effect but marginal or no climb out of ground effect

32
Q

What does “flight in region of normal command” mean ?

A

while level
higher airspeed requires higher power
lower airspeed requires lower power

33
Q

What does “flight in region of reverse command” mean ?

A

“behind the power curve”
airspeed between min pwr and stall speed
a decrease in speed must be accompanied by and increase in power

34
Q

What are examples of operating “behind the power curve” ?

A

high pitch
powered approach for short-field landing
soft-field take-off and climb

35
Q

How does runway and gradient affect performance ?

A

alt to hard and smooth increase ground roll

increase gradient increases ground roll

36
Q

What factors affect take-off and landing ?

A 
Air density
surface wind
runway surface
runway gradient
weight
powerplant thrust
37
Q

How do you plan for rejected takeoff ?

A 
50/70 rule
if not 70% Airspeed (54kts) by 50% runway, abort
power idle
max braking
directional control
38
Q

What does 75% BHP mean ?

A

Brake horsepower
power at prop shaft
delivering 75% of engine HP to prop shaft
at sea level

39
Q

How would you lean an engine ?

A

Tach Method: mixture for peak RPM then lean to rough
Fuel flow: published amount
EGT: Lea until EGT peak then come down (50 degrees)

40
Q

What is normal climb out speed.

A

120KIAS (130)

41
Q

What is Vr ?

A

77 - 80 KIAS

42
Q

What is airspeed at obstacle ?

A

85 KIAS

43
Q

What is airspeed for Flaps retract ?

A

90 KIAS

44
Q

What is Vy ?

A

best rate of climb. 103 KIAS (102 @ 10K)

45
Q

What is Vx ?

A

best climb angle. 88 KIAS

46
Q

How do you set cruise power in SR22T ?

A

30.5 MP.
Lean to Cyan marker
Engine assist for 50 - 75 degrees below peak EGT

47
Q

What is stall speed in clean configuration ?

A

74 KIAS @3600 lb, 0 bank, FWD CG

72 KIAS @3600 lb, 0 bank, AFT CG

48
Q

Flaps 50% speed ?

A

150

49
Q

Flaps 1005 speed ?

A

110

50
Q

Vpd ?

A

Parachute Deployment speed 140 KIAS

51
Q

Vo ?

A

Operating Maneuvering Speed. 140 KIAS

52
Q

Vne ?

A

Never Exceed Speed
205 KIAS To 17.5K
175 KIAS 17.5K to 25K

53
Q

Vno ?

A

Max Structural Cruising Speed
176 KIAS To 17.5K
150 KIAS to 25K

54
Q

What is stall speed with 50% flaps ?

A

70 KIAS at 3600 lb, 0 bank, FWD CG

69 KIAS at 3600 lb, 0 bank, AFT CG

55
Q

What is stall speed with 100% flaps ?

A

64 KIAS at 3600 lb, 0 bank, FWD CG

63 KIAS at 3600 lb, 0 bank, AFT CG

56
Q

What performance characteristics will be adversely affected when an aircraft is overloaded ?

A 
Higher takeoff speed
Longer takeoff run
Reduced rate and angle of climb
Lower maximum altitude
Shorter range
Reduced cruising speed
Reduced Maneuverability
Higher stalling speed
Higher approach and landing speed
Longer landing roll
Excessive weight on nose wheel
57
Q

What responsibilities does the owner/operator have if weight and balance has changed on an aircraft ?

A

Changes documented in
POH
FAA form 337

58
Q

What is CG ?

A

Center of Gravity

Point at which aircraft would balance in space

59
Q

What effect of FWD CG ?

A

Higher stall speed due to increased wing loading
Slower cruise speed due to increased drag, higher AOA
More stable
Greater back pressure required

60
Q

What effect of AFT CG ?

A

Lower stall speed
Higher cruise speed
Less stable - stall and spin recovery more difficult

COMMPractical (11 decks)

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