Human Factors

Question 1

What regulations apply to medical certification ?

Answer 1

part 67

Question 2

Are there any over-the-counter medications that are considered safe to use why flying ?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

What are several factors that may contribute to impairment of a pilots performance ?

Answer 3

I llness
M edications
S tress
A lcohol
F atique
E motion

Question 4

What is hypoxia ?

Answer 4

state of oxygen deficiency

Question 5

What are forms of hypoxia ?

Answer 5

Hypoxic -O2 deficiency due to partial pressure at Altitude
Hypemic - Blood unable to transport O2; CO2 Poisoning
Stagnant - O2 rich blood not moving; G forces
Histotoxic - cells can’t use O2; Alcohol or drugs

Question 6

Where does hypoxia usually occur ?

Answer 6

night vision deteriotes as low as 5000 MSL
Normal, healthy pilots OK below 12,000 MSL
From 12,000 to 15,000 MSL;
judgment
memory
alertness
coordination
impaired calculations
headache
drowsiness
dizzy
sense of well being or belligerence

Question 7

What factors can make a pilot more susceptible to hypoxia ?

Answer 7

Inhaled Carbon monoxide
Anemia (lowered hemoglobin)
Certain medications
small amounts of alcohol
Low doses of certain drugs (antihistimines etc)

Question 8

How can hypoxia be avoided ?

Answer 8

Enrich air with O2…
5000 ft at night
10K during the day

Question 9

What is hyperventilation ?

Answer 9

decrease in carbon dioxide

Question 10

What are the symptoms of hyperventilation ?

Answer 10

.. "blows off" excess carbon dioxide 
headache
suffocation
drowsiness
tingling

Question 11

How to reverse hyperventilation ?

Answer 11

slow/normal breathing

paper bag

Question 12

What is spatial disorientation?

Answer 12

lack of orientation with regard to position in space and other objects

Question 13

What causes spatial disorientation ?

Answer 13

forces of flight can compromise
visual system
vestibular system
nervous system (position feeling on skin, joints, muscles)

Question 14

What causes motion sickness ?

Answer 14

Continuous stimulation of the inner ear

Question 15

What actions should be taken for motion sickness?

Answer 15

air vents
loose clothing
look at horizon

Question 16

What are the regs on alcohol ?

Answer 16

8hrs regs….but 24 hrs bottle to throttle is best

Question 17

What is carbon monoxide poisoning ?

Answer 17

colorless, orderless gas from exhaust fumes
compromises ability of blood to carry O2
resultin in Hypemic Hypoxia

Question 18

What are the symptoms of hypoxia ?

Answer 18

headache
drowsiness
dizziness

Question 19

What action if pilot suspects carbon monoxide poisoning

Answer 19

shut off heater

open air vents

Question 20

Discuss effects of nitrogen excesses from scuba diving…

Answer 20

must allow body time to rid itself of excess nitrogen after scuba
< 8K 12 hrs if no controlled ascent
24 hrs if controlled ascent required
> 8K 24 hrs

Question 21

What is SRM ?

Answer 21

act of managing resources inside and outside of aircraft

Question 22

What Practical method is effective for SRM ?

Answer 22

5 P's
Plan
Plane
Pilot
Passengers
Programming

Question 23

What are the 5 P’s ?

Answer 23

Plan (Wx, Route, fuel, ATC resources, delays)
Plane (mechanical, automation, DBs, backups)
Pilot (IMSAFE)
Passengers (pilots/non pilots, nervous, quiet, new)
Programming (Autopilot, GPS, MFD/PFD, )

Question 24

What is ADM ?

Answer 24

Systematic approach used by Pilots to determine best ACTION given circumstances

Question 25

What doe the DECIDE Model involve ?

Answer 25

Detect a change
Estimate need to react
Choose outcome
identify actions
Do the action
Evaluate

Question 26

What is the 3P model ?

Answer 26

Perceive the Risk (PAVE)
Process the Risk (CARE)
Perform the Mitigation (ME)