Human Factors Flashcards
What regulations apply to medical certification ?
part 67
Are there any over-the-counter medications that are considered safe to use why flying ?
No
What are several factors that may contribute to impairment of a pilots performance ?
I llness M edications S tress A lcohol F atique E motion
What is hypoxia ?
state of oxygen deficiency
What are forms of hypoxia ?
Hypoxic -O2 deficiency due to partial pressure at Altitude
Hypemic - Blood unable to transport O2; CO2 Poisoning
Stagnant - O2 rich blood not moving; G forces
Histotoxic - cells can’t use O2; Alcohol or drugs
Where does hypoxia usually occur ?
night vision deteriotes as low as 5000 MSL Normal, healthy pilots OK below 12,000 MSL From 12,000 to 15,000 MSL; judgment memory alertness coordination impaired calculations headache drowsiness dizzy sense of well being or belligerence
What factors can make a pilot more susceptible to hypoxia ?
Inhaled Carbon monoxide Anemia (lowered hemoglobin) Certain medications small amounts of alcohol Low doses of certain drugs (antihistimines etc)
How can hypoxia be avoided ?
Enrich air with O2…
5000 ft at night
10K during the day
What is hyperventilation ?
decrease in carbon dioxide
What are the symptoms of hyperventilation ?
.. "blows off" excess carbon dioxide headache suffocation drowsiness tingling
How to reverse hyperventilation ?
slow/normal breathing
paper bag
What is spatial disorientation?
lack of orientation with regard to position in space and other objects
What causes spatial disorientation ?
forces of flight can compromise
visual system
vestibular system
nervous system (position feeling on skin, joints, muscles)
What causes motion sickness ?
Continuous stimulation of the inner ear
What actions should be taken for motion sickness?
air vents
loose clothing
look at horizon
What are the regs on alcohol ?
8hrs regs….but 24 hrs bottle to throttle is best
What is carbon monoxide poisoning ?
colorless, orderless gas from exhaust fumes
compromises ability of blood to carry O2
resultin in Hypemic Hypoxia
What are the symptoms of hypoxia ?
headache
drowsiness
dizziness
What action if pilot suspects carbon monoxide poisoning
shut off heater
open air vents
Discuss effects of nitrogen excesses from scuba diving…
must allow body time to rid itself of excess nitrogen after scuba
< 8K 12 hrs if no controlled ascent
24 hrs if controlled ascent required
> 8K 24 hrs
What is SRM ?
act of managing resources inside and outside of aircraft
What Practical method is effective for SRM ?
5 P's Plan Plane Pilot Passengers Programming
What are the 5 P’s ?
Plan (Wx, Route, fuel, ATC resources, delays)
Plane (mechanical, automation, DBs, backups)
Pilot (IMSAFE)
Passengers (pilots/non pilots, nervous, quiet, new)
Programming (Autopilot, GPS, MFD/PFD, )
What is ADM ?
Systematic approach used by Pilots to determine best ACTION given circumstances
What doe the DECIDE Model involve ?
Detect a change Estimate need to react Choose outcome identify actions Do the action Evaluate
What is the 3P model ?
Perceive the Risk (PAVE)
Process the Risk (CARE)
Perform the Mitigation (ME)
