Emergency Procedures Flashcards
Describe a spin.
aircraft descending in a circular path while AOA exceeds critical AOA
When might a spin occur ?
EO on TO with turn back to RNWY Base to Final EO on final, pilots attempts to stretch for RNWY GOA with full pwr and nose up GOA flaps retract to soon with sink rate
How to recover from spin ?
Power Back Neutral stick (ailerons) Opposite rudder Stick forward to break spin gain airflow Neutralize the Rudder
What does AFT CG do to spin characteristics ?
Harder to recover from spin
What is the load factor in a spin ?
Low..
1) low airspeed
2) pivot rather than turning
What is procedure for EO on Takeoff ?
Ground stay on ground 0-600 Land in front (45 degree left/right) 600 AGL - 2000 AGL - Chute Cut Fuel 2000 back to the airport cut fuel nose down to land maintain positive control
What is EO procedure while enroute ?
Vg = 92 kts HDG change towards field switch fuel tanks mag check boost pump throttle 1/2 mixture as required
What is Vg
best Glide speed. 92 kts
What are the issues with turning back to runway after EO on Takeoff at 300 AGL.
do not have the altitude to turn 270 degrees. if standard rate turn of 3 degrees per sec.. that’s 90 seconds… at 500 FPM, your looking at 750 ft required. Short by 450 ft. Not to mention reaction time, tendency for steeper turns increasing load factor and stall. Probably hit the ground while banking.
What is the emergency landing procedure ?
2000 AGL ? Chute ? best glide speed 121.5 Mayday Squawk 7700 Activate ELT Power Idle Mixture Off Fuel off Fuel pump off Ignition Off
Procedure for Engine Fire During Starting ?
If starts: High RPM, then Shut down
If not Start: Throttle Full, Mixture Off, continue start to extinguish via vacuum
If fire continues: fire extinguisher; master off, ignition off fuel off.
Procedure for Engine Fire in Flight ?
Emergency Descent Fuel mixture, pump, selector off cabin Airflow off Power lever off ignition off doors partially open checklist
Procedure for Electrical Fire in flight
O2 off AC off VFR Batt-Alt Master switches off IFR leave Batt2 on Fire Extinguisher Cabin doors partial open Avionics off checklist
How does an engine fire typically occur ?
leaking fuel or oil contacting the exhaust manifold
Procedure for wing fire in flight ?
Pitot switch off Nav light off Landing Light off strobe off side slip to keep flames away from cabin checklist land ASAP
PFD Failure ?
Display backup
Land
ADC failure ?
Check breakers; reset. If pops again, do not reset Checklist Revert to Standby instruments Verify by maneuvering slightly and check Land
AHRS failure ?
Verify backup AHRS in use
Check Breakers; reset.. if pops again, do not reset
Be prepared to refer to standby instruments
What does the Garmin Integrated Avionics (GIA) power
GIA1; COM1, NAV1, GPS1
GIA2; COM2, NAV2, GPS2
Procedure for Loss of Oil Pressure ?
high/low pressure; Reduce power to min flight
prepare for engine failure
Land ASAP
CAPS deployment speed ?
140 KIAS
CAPS deployment procedure ?
140 KIAS Fuel Mixture, pump, selector to OFF Bat-Alt switches OFF Ignition OFF ELT ON Secure belts and loose items Move upwind from aircraft
Emergency Descent procedure ?
Power Idle
mixture as required
Pitch 10-15 degrees to intercept Vne
What are types of aircraft icing ?
Structural
Induction
Instrument
What types of structural icing can occur in flight ?
Clear, Rime, Mixed Icing
Describe Clear icing.
glaze, glossy and clear
most dangerous
gets everywhere (where deicing can’t reach)
supercooled water droplets
freezes slowing over surface, helping to spread
Describe Rime Icing
rough, milky opaque
favors colder temps
rapidly freezes on leading edges
rapid freezing traps air
Describe mixed Icing
mixture of clear and rime ice
similar hazard as clear ice
forms when small-scale variations liquid water content, temps and droplet sizes
What temp does clear icing typically form ?
warmer than -10C
What temp does rime icing typically form ?
colder than -15C
What is necessary for structural icing to occur ?
flying through visible moisture
temps +2C to -20C
Describe icing found in stratiform clouds ?
both rime and mixed possible
horizontal hazard
small change in altitude may help
Describe icing found in cumuliform clouds ?
clear or mixed in the upper levels
vertical hazard
icing is variable because it depends on clouds stage of development
What Wx info should you be aware of regarding icing in pre-flight prep ?
front locations area forecasts zulu airmets prireps cloud layers freezing levels Skew log t air temps and pressure
Describe “freezing level”
lowest altitude at 0C
Recommended action for icing encounter ?
Leave visible moisture
climb to colder (do so quickly to not accumulate)
descend to warmer if terrain permits
how to report icing to ATC ?
Trace, light, moderate, severe
What’s your landing approach if icing ?
higher airspeed higher altitude expect higher stall speed expect longer landing roll no flaps avoid missed approach
What type of precip produce most hazardous icing conditions ?
Freezing rain
Does stall warning have ice protection ?
On FIKI systems. yes. Stall Vane Transducer is heated
What is min airspeed for FIKI operation ?
95 KIAS
What is max airspeed for FIKI ops ?
177 KIAS
What Temp is conducive to icing ?
41F or 5C OAT
Recommend holding airspeed in FIKI ops ?
120 KIAS
How much time is available for FIKI fluid.
8 Gallon
90 min on Norm
45 min on High
22 min on Max
What conditions cause carb icing ?
1) vaporization of fuel
2) expansion of air as it passes through carb venturi valve
What conditions are favorable to carb icing ?
1) below 70F
2) +80% humidity
Describe different between ant-icing and de-icing equipment
Preventative vs Removal
Boots are deicing
heated pitot is anti
FIKI is in-between
What is roll upset in FIKI system ?
Severe icing can cause airflow separation (aero stall) on wings
causing self-deflection of ailerons
caused by ice accumulation in sensitive area of wing
Recommend Procedure for roll upset ?
Reduce AOA Increase airspeed roll wings level monitor airspeed and AOA do not retract flaps if extended verify wing ice protection
What is decompression ?
inability of aircraft pressurization system to maintain cabin pressure (8000 ft)
What are 2 types of decompression ?
1) Explosive - cabin decompresses faster than lungs
2) Rapid = lungs decompress faster than cabin
What are dangers of decompression ?
1) Hypoxia
at higher altitudes; blown or tossed out
2) Evolved gas decompression (The Bends)
3)wind blast and extreme cold
What instruments are affected when pitot tube freezes ?
Airspeed
Altimeter
Vertical Airspeed
What is affected if pitot tube blocked and drain clear ?
AS is 0
ALT normal
VS normal
What is affected if pitot tube blocked and drain blocked ?
AS acts like ALT reads High in climb reads Low in descent (hazard) ALT Normal VS Normal
What instruments are affected when static port freezes ?
AS ok at frozen Altitude If descend, AS reads high if climb, AS reads low ALT shows altitude at which system was blocked VS reads level
Does pitot system have ice protection ?
yes.
heated
switch
10 amp circuit breaker
What indications should you expect using alternate air ?
Emergency use switch or break VSI ALT = higher than normal AS = faster than normal VS = momentary climb then stable
What instruments can be relied on in event of complete vacuum system failure while in IMC ?
Turn/Slip for banking compass for banking AS for pitch ALT for pitch VS for pitch
Is there a backup system if engine driven vacuum pump fails ?
Some GA aircraft may have it
What is recommends procedure for resetting circuit breaker ?
should not be reset inflight unless
checklist calls for it
PIC believes needed for safe completion of flight
Repeated reset can lead to damage or fire
What action if ammeter shows continuous discharge in flight ?
alternator not charging
turn alt off with breaker
non-essential equipment off (running on batt)
land ASAP
What action if ammeter shows continuous over-charge in flight ?
alternator is overcharging batteries possible explosion turn alt off with breaker non-essential equipment off land ASAP
If low-voltage indicator illuminates what has occurred ?
usually at low RPM on the ground
or alternator has been shut down
battery likely supplying power
Procedure for loss of elevator control ?
flaps
trim for level flight
Why is clear icing most dangerous ?
Gets everywhere. Clouds can support high concentrations for liquid water with large drop sizes. When water drops are just above freezing they are super cooled looking for something to stick to.
What are symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning ?
headache blue lips dizzy drowsy cough wheezy nausea
Reasons for loss of MP ?
Loose induction hose
Exhaust Leak (fire hazard)
Watergate Actuator (low oil pressure)
Bad Turbo Component
