Emergency Procedures Flashcards by Kevin LoGuidice

Describe a spin.

aircraft descending in a circular path while AOA exceeds critical AOA

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When might a spin occur ?

EO on TO with turn back to RNWY
Base to Final
EO on final, pilots attempts to stretch for RNWY
GOA with full pwr and nose up
GOA flaps retract to soon with sink rate

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How to recover from spin ?

Power Back
Neutral stick (ailerons)
Opposite rudder
Stick forward to break spin gain airflow
Neutralize the Rudder

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What does AFT CG do to spin characteristics ?

Harder to recover from spin

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What is the load factor in a spin ?

Low..

1) low airspeed
2) pivot rather than turning

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What is procedure for EO on Takeoff ?

Ground stay on ground
0-600 Land in front (45 degree left/right)
600 AGL - 2000 AGL - Chute Cut Fuel
2000 back to the airport
cut fuel
nose down to land
maintain positive control

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What is EO procedure while enroute ?

Vg = 92 kts
HDG change towards field
switch fuel tanks
mag check
boost pump
throttle  1/2
mixture as required

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What is Vg

best Glide speed. 92 kts

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What are the issues with turning back to runway after EO on Takeoff at 300 AGL.

do not have the altitude to turn 270 degrees. if standard rate turn of 3 degrees per sec.. that’s 90 seconds… at 500 FPM, your looking at 750 ft required. Short by 450 ft. Not to mention reaction time, tendency for steeper turns increasing load factor and stall. Probably hit the ground while banking.

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What is the emergency landing procedure ?

2000 AGL ? Chute ?
best glide speed
121.5 Mayday
Squawk 7700
Activate ELT
Power Idle
Mixture Off
Fuel off
Fuel pump off
Ignition Off

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Procedure for Engine Fire During Starting ?

If starts: High RPM, then Shut down
If not Start: Throttle Full, Mixture Off, continue start to extinguish via vacuum
If fire continues: fire extinguisher; master off, ignition off fuel off.

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Procedure for Engine Fire in Flight ?

Emergency Descent
Fuel mixture, pump, selector off
cabin Airflow off
Power lever off
ignition off
doors partially open
checklist

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Procedure for Electrical Fire in flight

O2 off
AC off
VFR  Batt-Alt Master switches off
IFR leave Batt2 on
Fire Extinguisher
Cabin doors partial open
Avionics off
checklist

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How does an engine fire typically occur ?

leaking fuel or oil contacting the exhaust manifold

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Procedure for wing fire in flight ?

Pitot switch off
Nav light off
Landing Light off
strobe off
side slip to keep flames away from cabin
checklist
land ASAP

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PFD Failure ?

Display backup

Land

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ADC failure ?

Check breakers; reset. If pops again, do not reset
Checklist
Revert to Standby instruments 
Verify by maneuvering slightly and check
Land

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AHRS failure ?

Verify backup AHRS in use
Check Breakers; reset.. if pops again, do not reset
Be prepared to refer to standby instruments

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What does the Garmin Integrated Avionics (GIA) power

GIA1; COM1, NAV1, GPS1

GIA2; COM2, NAV2, GPS2

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Procedure for Loss of Oil Pressure ?

high/low pressure; Reduce power to min flight
prepare for engine failure
Land ASAP

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CAPS deployment speed ?

140 KIAS

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CAPS deployment procedure ?

140 KIAS
Fuel Mixture, pump, selector to OFF
Bat-Alt switches OFF
Ignition OFF
ELT ON
Secure belts and loose items
Move upwind from aircraft

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Emergency Descent procedure ?

Power Idle
mixture as required
Pitch 10-15 degrees to intercept Vne

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What are types of aircraft icing ?

Structural
Induction
Instrument

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What types of structural icing can occur in flight ?

Clear, Rime, Mixed Icing

Describe Clear icing.

glaze, glossy and clear most dangerous gets everywhere (where deicing can't reach) supercooled water droplets freezes slowing over surface, helping to spread

Describe Rime Icing

rough, milky opaque favors colder temps rapidly freezes on leading edges rapid freezing traps air

Describe mixed Icing

mixture of clear and rime ice similar hazard as clear ice forms when small-scale variations liquid water content, temps and droplet sizes

What temp does clear icing typically form ?

warmer than -10C

What temp does rime icing typically form ?

colder than -15C

What is necessary for structural icing to occur ?

flying through visible moisture | temps +2C to -20C

Describe icing found in stratiform clouds ?

both rime and mixed possible horizontal hazard small change in altitude may help

Describe icing found in cumuliform clouds ?

clear or mixed in the upper levels vertical hazard icing is variable because it depends on clouds stage of development

What Wx info should you be aware of regarding icing in pre-flight prep ?

``` front locations area forecasts zulu airmets prireps cloud layers freezing levels Skew log t air temps and pressure ```

Describe "freezing level"

lowest altitude at 0C

Recommended action for icing encounter ?

Leave visible moisture climb to colder (do so quickly to not accumulate) descend to warmer if terrain permits

how to report icing to ATC ?

Trace, light, moderate, severe

What's your landing approach if icing ?

``` higher airspeed higher altitude expect higher stall speed expect longer landing roll no flaps avoid missed approach ```

What type of precip produce most hazardous icing conditions ?

Freezing rain

Does stall warning have ice protection ?

On FIKI systems. yes. Stall Vane Transducer is heated

What is min airspeed for FIKI operation ?

95 KIAS

What is max airspeed for FIKI ops ?

177 KIAS

What Temp is conducive to icing ?

41F or 5C OAT

Recommend holding airspeed in FIKI ops ?

120 KIAS

How much time is available for FIKI fluid.

8 Gallon 90 min on Norm 45 min on High 22 min on Max

What conditions cause carb icing ?

1) vaporization of fuel | 2) expansion of air as it passes through carb venturi valve

What conditions are favorable to carb icing ?

1) below 70F | 2) +80% humidity

Describe different between ant-icing and de-icing equipment

Preventative vs Removal Boots are deicing heated pitot is anti FIKI is in-between

What is roll upset in FIKI system ?

Severe icing can cause airflow separation (aero stall) on wings causing self-deflection of ailerons caused by ice accumulation in sensitive area of wing

Recommend Procedure for roll upset ?

``` Reduce AOA Increase airspeed roll wings level monitor airspeed and AOA do not retract flaps if extended verify wing ice protection ```

What is decompression ?

inability of aircraft pressurization system to maintain cabin pressure (8000 ft)

What are 2 types of decompression ?

1) Explosive - cabin decompresses faster than lungs | 2) Rapid = lungs decompress faster than cabin

What are dangers of decompression ?

1) Hypoxia at higher altitudes; blown or tossed out 2) Evolved gas decompression (The Bends) 3)wind blast and extreme cold

What instruments are affected when pitot tube freezes ?

Airspeed Altimeter Vertical Airspeed

What is affected if pitot tube blocked and drain clear ?

AS is 0 ALT normal VS normal

What is affected if pitot tube blocked and drain blocked ?

``` AS acts like ALT reads High in climb reads Low in descent (hazard) ALT Normal VS Normal ```

What instruments are affected when static port freezes ?

``` AS ok at frozen Altitude If descend, AS reads high if climb, AS reads low ALT shows altitude at which system was blocked VS reads level ```

Does pitot system have ice protection ?

yes. heated switch 10 amp circuit breaker

What indications should you expect using alternate air ?

``` Emergency use switch or break VSI ALT = higher than normal AS = faster than normal VS = momentary climb then stable ```

What instruments can be relied on in event of complete vacuum system failure while in IMC ?

``` Turn/Slip for banking compass for banking AS for pitch ALT for pitch VS for pitch ```

Is there a backup system if engine driven vacuum pump fails ?

Some GA aircraft may have it

What is recommends procedure for resetting circuit breaker ?

should not be reset inflight unless checklist calls for it PIC believes needed for safe completion of flight Repeated reset can lead to damage or fire

What action if ammeter shows continuous discharge in flight ?

alternator not charging turn alt off with breaker non-essential equipment off (running on batt) land ASAP

What action if ammeter shows continuous over-charge in flight ?

``` alternator is overcharging batteries possible explosion turn alt off with breaker non-essential equipment off land ASAP ```

If low-voltage indicator illuminates what has occurred ?

usually at low RPM on the ground or alternator has been shut down battery likely supplying power

Procedure for loss of elevator control ?

flaps | trim for level flight

Why is clear icing most dangerous ?

Gets everywhere. Clouds can support high concentrations for liquid water with large drop sizes. When water drops are just above freezing they are super cooled looking for something to stick to.

What are symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning ?

``` headache blue lips dizzy drowsy cough wheezy nausea ```

Reasons for loss of MP ?

Loose induction hose Exhaust Leak (fire hazard) Watergate Actuator (low oil pressure) Bad Turbo Component