perceptual development

Question 1

techniques used to study infants perceptual abilities

Answer 1

preference looking
habituation
high amplitude sucking
operant conditioning

Question 2

newborn reflexes

Answer 2

involuntary, automatic responses to a stimuli

Question 3

survival reflexes

Answer 3

provide an adaptive value and satisfy needs
e.g. breathing and swallowing

Question 4

primitive reflexes

Answer 4

not as useful and disappear after the first year
e.g. swimming and grasping

Question 5

sensation

Answer 5

the detection of sensory stimulation

Question 6

perception

Answer 6

the interpretation of sensory input

Question 7

preference technique

Answer 7

baby is shown 2 pictures and researcher tracks how long the baby looks at each one

Question 8

habituation

Answer 8

when presented with a stimulus repeatedly, babies stop responding

Question 9

dishabituation

Answer 9

babies show interested when presented with a new stimulus

Question 10

high amplitude sucking

Answer 10

rate of sucking on a pacifier controls the presentation of a stimuli, showing preference and discrimination

Question 11

operant conditioning

Answer 11

learning in which the probability of an individual performing a behaviour will increase or decrease depending on the consequence it produces

Question 12

reinforcer

Answer 12

a stimulus that increases the occurrence of a response

Question 13

vision

Answer 13

able to track
detect colour but is limited
detect changes in brightness

Question 14

depth perception

Answer 14

visual cliff experiment
92% of infants refused to crawl over an apparent cliff even when encouraged by mother

Question 15

audition

Answer 15

turn towards sounds
prefer mothers voice
prefer sounds heard in the third trimester
can recognise their own name at 5 months

Question 16

infant phenome discrimination

Answer 16

infants are born with the ability to learn any language but eventually will loose this ability and won’t be able to distinguish between different sounds not part of their native language

Question 17

taste

Answer 17

prefer sweet over sour and can discriminate between each

Question 18

smell

Answer 18

avoid unpleasant odors
can discriminate mother by smell

Question 19

touch

Answer 19

allows exploration of the environment
sensitive to touch and temperature
sensitive to pain

Question 20

facial recognition

Answer 20

babies prefer faces to inanimate objects
able to recognise familiar faces
prefer attractive faces

Question 21

intermodel perception

Answer 21

an integration from two or more senses - our everyday perception