Friendship and Play Flashcards
peer influences
provides the social context in which self consent, identity, and appreciation of others develop
newborns Dondi et al. (1999)
can distinguish between their own cries and those of other babies
school age
interaction with friends outweighs other activities
see true reciprocal friendships develop
emotional regulation
an ability to exert control over one emotional state
academic attainment
classroom friendships predict better academic competence
in adolescents, more social belonging and better academic attainment
popularity
more reciprocated friendships = less chance of loneliness and lower levels of depressed moods
adolescents
hostility from friends means an individual is more likely to enter hostile romantic relationships in early adulthood
later life status and self esteem will be lower in those rejected by peers compared to those with reciprocated friendships
free play
enjoyable
instinctually motivated
concerned with means not ends
free from external rules
highly engaging
sensorimotor play
exploring the world by touching, mouthing etc
movements are restricted actions that allow them to explore objects they are playing with using their senses
pretend play
children begin assigning actions to symbolic objects
they take on roles, assign meaning to objects and transform their reality into a world of its own
social pretend play
an activity involving some degree of taking “as if” stance between two or more children playing together
Parten (1932)
observed 2 - 4.5 year olds
1. non social play
2. onlooker - watches with no attempt to join in
3. parallel - side by side but little interaction
5. associative - share and swap toys but pursue own interests
6. cooperative - make belief themes, reciprocal roles and shared goals
3 years
children begin to engage in complex cooperative and dramatic play
4-5 years
longer play sequences
more willing to negotiate role, rules and themes
6 years
peak in pretend play
7-8 years
big on rules
large groups
games can last for hours
importance of play
cognitive skills
social skills
coping with stress
increasing strength, endurance and motor skills
culturally related skill and knowledge
gender differences
preference for same sec playmates early on
girls pretend play concerns domestic themes
boys pretend play concerns superhero, rough and tumble
older boys like more structured play or competitive play with rules while older girls engage in more sophisticated play
