Perception and attention Flashcards
perception
experience that results from stimulation of the senses
scene schema
knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene
inverse projection problem
The task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on one’s retina
early selection model
where the filter eliminates unattended information at the beginning of the information flow
speech segmentation
the ability to tell when one word in a conversation ends and another begins
transitional probability
the likelihood that one sound will follow another
apparent movement
illusion of movement perception when stimuli in different locations are flashed one after the other
regularities in the environment
characteristics that occur regularly - blue = sky, landscape = green, verticals = buildings
what is the law of pragnanz?
where every stimulus pattern is seen to be as simple as possible
also called law of simplicity, law of good figure
unconscious inference
belief that some of our perceptions are the result of unconscious assumptions we make
Helmholtz
what is a transitional probability
where there is a likelihood that one speech sound will follow another
what is top-down processing?
involves a persons prior knowledge or expectation
also called knowledge-based processing
what is speech segmentation?
where you perceive individual words within a continuous flow of speech
what are semantic regularities?
the characteristics normally associated with a scene, eg cooking, eating, preparation in a kitchen
what is prior probability?
someones initial belief about the probability of an outcome of something
what is bottom-up processing?
processing that starts when information is received by the receptors
what is attention?
when you focus (or attend to something) - specific features, objects, locations, thoughts or activities
what is change blindness
difficulty in detecting changes in similar but slightly different scenes, mostly when you are not paying attention
what is change detection?
detecting differences between images that are presented one after the other
what is the cocktail party effect?
the ability to focus on one stimulus while filtering out others, especially at a party where there are lots of simultaneous conversations
what are continuity errors?
changes that occur between scenes in film that dont match
what is covert attention?
shifting attention without moving the eyes
what is the filter model of attention
model of attention that proposes a filter that lets attended stimuli through and blocks some or all unattended
what is a filter?
Broadbent’s model - it identifies the message being attended to based on physical characteristics, and only lets this through to next stage
