perception Flashcards
perception background
typical dyads can only understand 1/4 of meaning; we misundestand each other all the time die to differing perceptions; starts with 5 senses
reception
relatively automatic, mechanical, just happens
analysis
more active, involves focusing, organizing, and interpreting (where differences occur, selection in perception)
intensity
factor within the object/stimuli that sticks out in high degree (large, bright, behaviors)
ex/ crying baby, terrorism
contrast
factor with the object/stimuli that stick out because it is different (pringles in a can)
repetition
how we learn; factor within object/ stimuli
past learning experiences
factors within ourselves that influence selection and perceptions even if not true or accurate; includes phobia
(i.e. from past relationship knowledge - learned men are untrustworthy from there on perceives all men as untrustworthy, look for untrustworthy behavior, even if small)
culture
at large and subcultural; factor within ourselves that influence perception and selection
(study: look into hole and flash different pictures, at point point flash two picutres, one bull fighter one baseball player - US saw baseball, Mexico saw bull fighter)
ex/ describe fish - Eastern Asians look at world more holistically therefore start by describing setting; US use logic therefore talk about fish
ex/ OJ verdict - white watching were disgusted; blacks were happy
language
cultural factor within ourselves that influences selection and perception; language predisposed us to make certain interpretations about reality
-bilingual people: more values come out when using native language rather than second language
Supir-Wharf Hypothesis
the languagea person uses affects his/her perception of reality; maybe goes too far but has some truth
- depth of vocab: Eskimos have 20 words for snow - better able to to describe
- rules of language: Navajo don’t have any active verbs; would describe in processes
criticisms: just because you don’t have a word for something doesn’t mean you can’t describe
motivation
factor with ourselves that influence selection and perception; all motivated to think well of ourselves - easier to see faults in others
if driving home on an empty stomach, more likely to see ads for food
religious motivation regarding ambiguous phenomenon - Christians see things related to Jesus; Catholics see things related to Virgin Mary
Stereotypes
factor within ourselves that influences selection and perception; generalization that we make about certain things, especially about people
- comes from culture, family, personal experiences, mass media (esp. if this is the only place a different group has been seen), etc; influence inferences about groups and select to see certain behaviors
- if someone in a group doesn’t succumbl to a stereotype, naturally label as an exceptioin until they make so many exceptions that the stereotype no longer makes since
- positive: we live in a large world with many people, develop stereotypes to classify the world in an understandable way creates order
- negative: often filled with half truths, misjudgments, etc. ; can turn virtues in vices if done by stereotype group
roles
occupations, gender, etc.; factor within ourselves that influences selection and perception -ex/ in class professor is very passionate about the subject, not all students are; professor sees material as straightforward, students might see if as confusing or difficult
mood
factor within ourselves that influences selection and perception
- study: showed picture of kids in mud after determining mood to see responses: if happy –> kids are having fun; if critical –> kids should have something better to do; if anxious –> concerned for kids
attitude
evaluated thoughts and feelings that influence selection and perception
-ex/ sporting events –> refs are never fair to your team
