Perceiving individuals Flashcards
mental representation
a body of knowledge that an individual has stored in memory
mere exposure
exposure to a stimulus without any external reward, which creates familiarity with the stimulus and generally makes people more positively about it.
salience
the ability of a cue to attract attention in its context
automatic
refers to processes that operate spontaneosly (without the perceiver’s deliberate intent) and often efficiently and without awareness.
association
a link between two or more mental representations
accesability
the easy and speed with which information comes to mind and is used
priming
the activation of a mental representation to increase its accessibility and thus the likelihood that it will be used
subliminal
presentation of stimuli in such a way (usually with a very brief duration) that perceivers are not consciously aware of them
correspondent inference
the process of characterizing someone as having a personality trait that correspondends to his or her observed behavior
correspondence bias
the tendancy to infer an actor’s personal characteristics from observed behaviors, even when the inference is unjustified because other possible causes of the behavior exist.
supervicial processing
relying ot accessible information to make inferences of judgements, while expending little effort in processing
systematic processing
giving thorough, effortful consideration to a wide range of information relevant to a judgement
causal attribution
a judgement about the cause of a behavior or other event
discounting
reducing a belief in one potential cause of behavior because there is another viable cause
primacy effect
a pattern in which early-encountered information has a greater impact than subsequent information; an example of the principle of cognitive conservatism
