Ch 7 Attitudes and attitude change

Question 1

attitude

Answer 1

a mental representation that summarizes an individual’s evaluation of a particular person, group, thing, action, or idea. body of knowledge

Question 2

attitude change

Answer 2

the process by which attitudes form and change by the association of positive and negative information with the attitude object

Question 3

persuasion

Answer 3

the processe of forming, strengthening , or changing attitudes by communication.

Question 4

explicit attitude

Answer 4

the attitude that people openly and deliberately expess about an attitude object in self-report or by behavior

Question 5

implicit attitude

Answer 5

automatic and uncontrollable positive or negative evaluation of an attitude object

Question 6

knowledge function

Answer 6

the way an attitude contributes to mastery by organizing, summarizing and simplifying experience with an attitude object ( master environment)

Question 7

Instrumental function

Answer 7

the way an attitude contributes to mastery by guiding our approach to positive objects and our avoidance of negative objects (master environment)

Question 8

social identity function

Answer 8

the way an attitude contributes to connectedness by expressing important self and group indentities and functions (connectedness)

Question 9

impression management function

Answer 9

the way an attitude contributes to connectedness by smoothing interactions and relationships.

Question 10

Soort informatie van attitudes

Answer 10

1. Cognitive information (facts and beliefs). 2. affective information 3. behavioral information about past, present, future interactions with the attitude object.

Question 11

Strong attitude

Answer 11

a confidently-held extremely positive or negative evaluation that is persistent and resistant and that influences information processing and behavior.

Question 12

ambivalent attitude

Answer 12

an attitude based on conflicting negative and positive information.

Question 13

persuasion heuristic

Answer 13

association of a cue that is positively or negatively evaluated with the attitude object, allowing the attitude object to be evaluated quickly and without thought, peripheral route to persuasion.

Question 14

evaluative conditioning

Answer 14

the process by which positive or negative attitudes are formed or changed by association with other positively or negatively valued objects. (pen met mooie muziek)

Question 15

central route to persuasion, systematic processing

Answer 15

petty and caciopo; systematic processing means thinking carefully about the central merits of the attitude object. als er motivatie en cognitieve capaciteit voor is.

Question 16

stappen in systematic processing

Answer 16

1. attending to information. 2. comprehending information 3. reacting to information 4. accepting or rejecting the advocated position -> persistent and resistant attitudes.

Question 17

elaboration

Answer 17

(reacting to information) the generation of favorable or infavorable reactions to the content of a persuasive appeal. Kan affectief en cognitief zijn

Question 18

metacognition

Answer 18

thoughts about thoughts or about thought processes. Thinking about thinking

Question 19

boomerang effect

Answer 19

when communicators attempt to influence us with really bad arguments, we may even respond by moving in a direction opposite to the obe intended. People persuade themselves.

Question 20

elaboration likelihood model (ELM)

Answer 20

a model of persuasion that claims that attitude change occurs through either a peripheral route or a central route that involves elaboration, and that the extend of elaboration depends on motivation and capacity. Petty and Cacioppo)

Question 21

Motivatie van invloed op systematische verwerking

Answer 21

1. Mastery motivation; importance of being accurate. 2. Connectedness motivation; importance of relation with others. 3. Me and mine motivation: the importance of zelf-relevance.

Question 22

Need for cognition high

Answer 22

(mastery) some people prefer puzzling over difficult problems, resolving inconsistencies and searching for the right answers, regardless of the situation.

Question 23

High or low self-monitoring

Answer 23

(connectedness) high meer positief bij beeld, low meer positief bij overtuiging op waarden.

Question 24

me and mine motivation

Answer 24

tell me and I’ll forget, involve me and i’ll understand.

self-relevance (relevance of personal goals)

Question 25

prevention focus

Answer 25

more concerned that their situation gets no worse

Question 26

promotion focus

Answer 26

more concerned about improving their lot

Question 27

capacity van invloed op systematische verwerking

Answer 27

1. Ability to process 2. Opportunity to concentrate. emotions affect capacity, involving physiological arousal.

Question 28

alcohol myopia

Answer 28

alcohol reduces people’s capacity to systematically process and focuses them on superficial cues in the environment.

Question 29

certainty emotions

Answer 29

hapiness and anger: dealing with emotions superficially

Question 30

uncertainty emotions

Answer 30

surprise and fear will improve systematically processing

Question 31

hedonic value of emotions

Answer 31

how good or bad they make you feel. put or keep in good mood: more thinking.

Question 32

Attenuation

Answer 32

Chen & Chaiken the impact of the heuristic cue on your attitude may be weakened considerably by careful processing.

Question 33

defense mechanism to persuasion

Answer 33

ignoring, reinterpreting, countering attitude-inconsistent information.