C h6 Social identity Flashcards
self categorization
the process of seeing oneself as a member of a social group = flexible and can easily shift
social identity
thoses aspects of the self-concept that derive from an individual’s knowledge and feelings about the group memberships he or she shares with others. Turns I into we.
group membership
seeing oneself as a group member means that the group’s typical characteristics become norms or standards for one’s own behavior.
BIRG bask in refelected glory
a way of boosting self-esteem by identifying with the accomplishments or good qualities of felllow in-group members. ( we are happy because our team has won.
group level emotions
emotional reactions that are not just a form of empathy-feeling an emotion on behalf of another person. they appear to be truly an integral part of group membership.
in group bias
people evaluate their own group as more positive and desirable than other groups, and the in group bias is stronger yet when the groups are real and meaningfull,
out-group homogeneity effect
the tendency to see the out-group as relatively more homogeneous and less diverse than the in-group.
cross-face identification bias
people can recognize the face of members of their own ethnic group more easily, than the faces of other groups. no motivation to pay close attention to, tenzij ze zich bewust zijn van de bias en dus motivatie hebben om..
minimal intergroup situation
a research in which people are categorized, on an arbitrary or trivial basis, into groups that have no history, no conflicts of interests, and no stereotypes. henri taifel.
social identity theory
Taifel; the theory that people’s motivation to derive self-esteem from their group memberships is one driving force behind in-group bias, feeling good about oneself, valuing me and mine.
out-group hostility
only when in group preference is joined by threat or conflict do people shift from simplu rewarding the in-group to actively punishing the out-group.
Moral exclusion
Viewing out- Groupon as subhuman and outsider the domain in wich the rules of morality apply.
stigmatized
negatively evaluated by others
stereotype threat
the fear of confirming other’s negative stereotype of your group. stereotype threat can act as a self fulfilling prophecy. kan verminderd worden door self affirmation of focussen op andere group identities, en framed as a challenge (learning opportunity)
attributional ambiguity
is the treatment due to group membership? Prejudice against the group instead of attributing to individual= uniquely effective, but has costs like self enhancing bias. Meeste risico hierop en op performance feedback, groepen die typically devalued and discriminated against.
