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GIT > Peptidergic regulation of the GIT > Flashcards

Peptidergic regulation of the GIT Flashcards

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1
Q

Define endocrine, paracrine and neurocrine

A

endocrine - cells release hormone into the blood for far target
paracrine - messenger into ecf for neighbouring effect - immediate
neuroncrine - sensory - inter - motor - neurotransmitter released for acute effect

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2
Q

what is the source, stimulus, pathway and target of gastrin in the stomach

A

Released from g cells
stimulated by neural input, aa or peptides in the stomach
endocrine pathway
targets ecl and parietal cells

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3
Q

what is the source, stimulus, pathway and target of CCK

A

released from I cells in the duodenum
stimulated by ffa and some aa
paracrine and endocrine
targets vagal afferents and pancreatic acing cells

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4
Q

what is the source, stimulus, pathway and target of secretin

A

S cells in the duodenum
stimulated bu acid in then small intestine
endocrine and paracrine
vagal afferent and pancreatic duct cells

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5
Q

what is the source, stimulus, pathway and target of motilin

A

Intestine
neural input or fasting
paracine
upper GI motility

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6
Q

what is the source, stimulus, pathway and target of Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

A

k cells in the intestine
fatty acids, glucose and aa in the small intestine
endocrine
B cells in the pancreas

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7
Q

what is the source, stimulus, pathway and target of GLP-1

A

L cells in the intestine
carbs and ffa
endocrine and paracrine
endocrine pancreas

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8
Q

what is the source, pathway and target of vasoactive intestinal peptide throughout the intestine

A

nerve terminals
neurocine
secretory cells

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9
Q

what are peptides released from and from where

A

APUD

amine precursor uptake decarboxylation cells on epithelial cells of the git

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10
Q

what do mucus neck cells secrete

A

mucus and bicarbonate

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11
Q

what do parietal cells secrete

A

HCL and intrinsic factor

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12
Q

what do ECL cells secrete

A

histamine

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13
Q

what do chief cells secrete

A

pepsinogen

gastric lipase

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14
Q

what do d cells secrete

A

somatostatin

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15
Q

what do g cells secrete

A

gastrin

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16
Q

where are g cells located

A

in the bottom of crypts in the antrum and duodenum

17
Q

what are the two effects of gastrin

A

stimulate both ecl and parietal cells

increases mucosal growth

18
Q

what is the cephalic reflex and what kind of mechanism is it

A

feedforward mechanism

sight or small of food induces vagal input to g cells to simulate gastrin release

19
Q

what happens to gastrin release when food reaches the stomach and why

A

food hits the stomach and peptides and aa present stimulate more gastrin release

20
Q

what does histamine do

A

stimulates parietal cells to release more hcl

21
Q

what does a high acid conc in the stomach do to chief cells

A

triggers chief cells to release pepsinogen which gets metabolised to pepsin which hydrolyses proteins to aa which further releases gastrin

22
Q

describe the negative feedback when acid conc is high in the stomach

A

low ph stimulates d cells to release somatostatin which inhibits g cells, ecl cells and parietal cells

23
Q

how is gastrin inhibited

A

d cells
reduced cephalic reflex
reduced neural input

24
Q

what is zollinger ellison syndrome

A

tumour of the pancreas which stimulates g cells in the stomach to secrete more gastrin

25
Q

what is a gastrinoma

A

tumour of g cells in the stomach hyper secretion of gastrin

26
Q

how could you test for ellison zollinger syndrome

A

give them secretin and if theres no change in acid levels then there is a gastronoma or tumour of the pancreas causing stimulation of g cells

27
Q

what are the symptoms of elision zolinger syndrome

A

peptic ulcer causing bleeding
diarrhoea
heart burn
low potassium and calcium levels

28
Q

how would you treat EZS

A

remove the tumour via surgery

use proton pump inhibitors

29
Q

what does secretin do in EZS

A

increase bicarbonate concentration via increases in bile fluids and pancreatic fluids to try and neutralise acid build up

30
Q

what do duodenal I cells do

A

secrete cck increasing bile production and decreases gastric secretions and motility
also increases number of pancreatic cells

31
Q

what does vasoactive inhibitory peptide do (VIP)

A

released from nerve terminals in the gut
causes dilation of smooth muscle
increase in salivary gland blood flow
increase in intestinal fluid

32
Q

what is verner morrison syndrome and what are the symptoms

A

excessive secretions
low chloride and potassium levels
excessive tropic effect of the pancreatic cells

33
Q

what is the treatment of verner morrison syndrome

A

removal of the tumour from the tail of the pancreas
rebalance the electrolytes and fluids
octreotide inhibitor

GIT (10 decks)

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