peptic ulceration and altered bowel habits Flashcards

1
Q

antacids

A

made of alkaline salts
neutralise stomach acid
bind to and inactivate pepsin

adverse effects:
constipation
diarrhoea

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2
Q

pepsin

A

protein digesting enzyme

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3
Q

H2-receptor antagonist

cimetidine, ranitidine

A

competitively block the action of histamine on the parietal cell

avoid cimetidine in patients on warfarin, phenytoin, theophyline

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4
Q

PPIs

omeprazole, lansoprazole

A

irreversible inhibition of H+/K+ ATPase responsible for secretion from parietal cells

interactions with clopidogrel

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5
Q

H. pylori eradication

A

triple therapy:
PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin/metronidazole

quad therapy:
omeprazole, 2 ABx (tetracycline and metronidazole) and bismuth chelate

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6
Q

bulk forming laxatives

A

increase volume of non-absorbable material in the gut
distend the colon and stimulate peristalsis
take with plenty of fluid and may take a few days to act

C/I: dysphagia, obstruction, colonic atony, faecal impaction

eg: bran powder, fybogel

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7
Q

osmotic laxatives

A

increase water content in the bowel vis osmosis
distend the colon and stimulate peristalsis

C/I: intestinal obstruction

eg: lactulose, macrogol (movicol)

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8
Q

stimulant laxatives

A

increae peristalsis
increase water and electrolyte secretion by the mucosa

C/I: obstruction, acute colitis

eg: senna

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9
Q

faecal softeners

A

promote defecation by softening or lubricating the stool
particularly useful for fissures

C/I: not for children under 3yo

eg: arachis oil, liquid paraffin (but not for a prolonged period - anal seepage, lipoid pneumonia)

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