Endothelial cell pathology Flashcards
endothelial cells
derived from mesoderm
the blood brain barrier
highly specialised protein
protects against toxins
blood vessel is completely surrounded by a single endothelial cell, the apposing junctions of which are connected by a tight junction
high number of pericytes
the blood brain barrier
highly specialised protein protects against toxins blood vessel is completely surrounded by a single endothelial cell, the apposing junctions of which are connected by a tight junction high number of pericytes carefully regulated transport mechanisms
sinusoidal endothelium
most leaky
found in liver
no basement membrane
hepatocytes closest to the portal vein are therefore the most damaged in liver disease as they are first to be exposed to the toxins
primary CNS tumours
will rarely metastasise due to tight endothelial barriers
von willebrand factor
vwf responds to, and binds to exposed collagen following endothelial damage
binds to an attaches platelets to site of damage in order to begin repair process
5 pillars of inflammation
fever erythema oedema pain - bradykinins that trigger vasodilation also stimulate nerve endings loss of function
sepsis
endothelial function becomes overwhelmed
becomes systemic, rather than localised
localised cell death (apoptosis/necrosis) causes weakened junctions between endothelial cells
extravasation of neutrophils
increased expression of adhesion molecules, increasing NO and prostacyclin synthesis, causing vasodilation