hyperlipidaemia Flashcards

1
Q

lipid transport

A

lipids travel the blood packaged with proteins as lipoproteins
4 classes:
chylomicrons and VLDL (mainly triglyceride)
LDL (mainly cholesterol)
HDL (mainly phospholipid)

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2
Q

risk factors

A

FHx of hyperlipidamia
corneal arcus <50yo
xanthomata or xanthelasma

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3
Q

common primary hyperlipidaemia

A

70% of all

raised LDL

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4
Q

familial primary hyperlipidaemias

A

comprise multiple phenotypes
greatly increase the risk of CVD
evidence suggests that protection gained from statins can be achieved at lower doses than common primary

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5
Q

secondary hyperlipidaemia

A
may be caused by:
cushing's syndrome
hypothyroidism
nephrotic syndrome
cholestasis

high LDL
treat underlying cause first

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6
Q

mixed hyperlipidaemia

A

increase in both LDL and triglycerides

caused by: T2DM, metabolic syndrome, alcohol abuse, chronic renal failure

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7
Q

management

A

lifestyle advice:
BMI 20-25, diet with <10% calories from saturated fats, omega 3, exercise

1st line:
statins eg simvastatin, which decrease cholesterol synthesis in the liver
CI: pregnancy, porphyria, cholestasis
SE: myalgia and mysositis

2nd line:
fibrates eg bezafibrate or cholesterol absorption inhibitors eg ezetimibe

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