People to remember (Lecture 4: The birth of psychology) Flashcards
Kant
Inspired by Newton
Made a distinction:
- Natural science (psychology and even chemistry)
- Natural history
Criticized Wolff’s introspection
Wolff
Wrote the first psychological book.
Founder of introspection!
Studied in a mathematical way.
Comte
Positivist who criticized Wolff’s introspection
Donders
First to measure reaction time on mental operations (use reaction time to assess certain mental processes)
Daza de Valdes
Developed opticientest (psychometrical research on perception)
Quetelet
Science (statistics) of average person (much better predictions)
Idool van Maurice de Hond :P
Fisher
Using methodology to reduce the influence of confounding variables
Galton
Studies the hereditary of intelligence in his laboratory.
Introduced correlation and regression.
Deed intelligentie testen op grote beurzen
(Birth of behavioral genetics)
Measuring intelligence in a psychophysical way (measuring the skull, reaction time, perceptual skills)
Wundt
First psychological lab
- Experimental observations
- Introspection as method
- Historical method (onderzoek naar volksaard/culturen door boeken te lezen)
Structuralism
Emotions are a combination of a positive or negative arousal combined with i.e. thought of hopelessness (=sadness).
James
Introduced psychology in US
Stream of thoughts (experiences and thought are always moving –> panta rhei! (useless things die, not fear because fear increases our chance of survival)
Functionalism
Freud
Very first comprehensive psychological thesis
Psychoanalysis (id, ego, superego)
unconscious drifts (sex, agression)
Slips of the tongue, dreams, free association
First psychological therapy
Binet
Tried Galtons method –> no succes
Binet-Simon test: measuring kids mental age by making them solve small problems
Founder of sum score
