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Introduction to Islam > People? > Flashcards

People? Flashcards

1
Q

Who are the Companions

A

Muslims who actually met Muhammad and are witness to his life

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2
Q

What is the word for consensus in Islamic jurisprudence? Generally meaning the agreement of legal scholars on a point of law determined explicitly by the Quran and the Sunnah

A

Ijma

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3
Q

Fatwa

A

Answer to a legal question

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4
Q

Fiqh

A

Jurisprudence -

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5
Q

Who first spoke to Muhammad

A

Gabriel

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6
Q

What is the Hadith?

A

the hadith is a report or Tradition of the sayings and deeds of the Prophet containing his exemplary practice or sunnah, the second source of authority for Muslims after the Quran.

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7
Q

What is the Hijra

A

The flight of Muhammad and followers from Mecca to Medina, beginning of the Islamic Calendar

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8
Q

Who are the four Caliphs?

A
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9
Q

What is the Hadith Qudsi

A
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10
Q

What is a Madhab

A

A general term for a school of islamic thought

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11
Q

Who are the Rightly Guided Caliphs

A

These are the first four Caliphs, Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali

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12
Q

Who were the Quraysh

A

This was the ruling tribe in Mecca, that Muhammad was a part of.

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13
Q

What is the Shari’a

A
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14
Q

What is a Sura?

A
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15
Q

What is the Sunna?

A
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16
Q

Who was ‘Umar

A

‘Umar was the second Caliph, from 634-644.
Conquesting Palestine, Syria, Egypt and Iraq, forced conversion to Islam

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17
Q

Who are the “Ulama”

A

The ulama are religious scholars who reinterpret the Quran

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18
Q

Who was ‘Uthman

A

Uthman was the third Caliph (3rd), from 644-656. Quran compiled during his rule

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19
Q

Who was Al-Ghazali?

A

Al-Ghazali made Sufism an accepted practice in Islam

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20
Q

Who was Abu Bakr

A

First Muslim leader after Muhammad

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21
Q

Who is a Caliph?

A

A temporal successor of the prophet

22
Q

What does ‘adl mean?

A

The balance between two extremes. Aka Justice, some one who possesses high moral qualities necessary to hold public or juridicial office

23
Q

What does ahl al-‘ilm mean?

A

“people of knowledge”

24
Q

Who are the Ansar?

A

AKA “helpers” - the inhabitants of Medina who joined Muhammads mission and supported his efforts to found a community in their midst.

25
Q

Who are the Ashraf?

A

The Nobles: The descendants of the Prophet

26
Q

What is “dahr”

A

Dahr is the pre-islamic notion of an impersonal, preordained fate

27
Q

Who are the Dhimmi?

A

Aka People of the Book, Jews, Christians, and other non-mulsims accepted in a muslim state.

28
Q

What is a fatwa? Pl. Fatawa

A

A fatwa is an authoritative, advisory legal opinion issued by a specialist (mufti) on a point of law, but which in itself had no binding force

29
Q

What do you call a report transmitted directly from Prophet?

A

“hadith al-nabi”

30
Q

What is a type of hadith transmitted by the Prophet in which Allah speaks in first person, distinct from the Quran

A

Hadith qudsi - “divine saying”

31
Q

What is the annual pilgrimage to Mecca called and what do you called people who have performed this?

A

The pilgrimage to Mecca is called Hajj, which is the same title for those who have completed it.

32
Q

What is the islamic word for lawful and allowable?

A

Halal

33
Q

What do you call students studying in a mosque?

A

halqah

34
Q

What is a sacred enclave called?

A

haram, refering to when fighting was prohibited during holy times, like the Haram of Mecca

35
Q

What is a prohibited or forbidden action according to Islamic law called?

A

haram

36
Q

What is the first migration of Muhammad and his companions called and when was it? What was its significance?

A

The Hijrah, from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, marking the commencement of the Muslim era.

37
Q

What is the exercise of independent judgement in Islamic law? AKA, reasoning by analogy?

A

The Ijtihad, meaning “exerting oneself or effort”

38
Q

What is a leader, or supreme leader of the Muslim community called? Sometimes legitimate succesor of the Prophet?

A

Imam

39
Q

What is the islamic word for belief or faith?

A

iman

40
Q

How do you say, “if Allah Wills?”

A

In Sha’a Allah

41
Q

What is chain of transmitters appended to a hadith whose names indicate the degree of its validity?

A

Isnad

42
Q

What is the night journey by Muhammad from Mecca to jersualem?

A

the Isra’

43
Q

What is the time before the advent of Islam called?

A

The “time of ignorance” -

44
Q

What is another word for striving or exertion, usually refering to holy war against infidels but can be an internal practice too

A

a Jihad

45
Q

Who is Mihammad Ibn Ishaq and what was important about him?

A

Muhammad Ibn Ishaq, (151/770), made a biography or account of the main events of the Prophets life, with two particular transformations, Muhammads first encounter with God, and the formation of the community of believers under his leadership. This biography was called the SIRA.

46
Q

When and where was Muhammad born

A

570CE, in Mecca

47
Q

What was the name of muhammads first wife

A

Khadijah

48
Q

According to Ibn Ishaq, how did Muhammad “meet” Allah?

A

According to Ibn Ishaq, in his 40th year, while retreating in a mountain, the angel gabriel came to him in a vision from Allah and ordered him to “Read!”

49
Q

What are two words for Muhammad

A

The Messenger (Al-Rasul) and the Prophet (Al-Nabi)

50
Q

Who is a hanif?

A

People before Muhammad who also sought a religious alternative to the pagan worshipping

Introduction to Islam (14 decks)

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