Pennestrì

Question 1

Tracheotomy

Answer 1

procedure that permits to open the airways

Question 2

INTENSIVE CARE UNITS

Answer 2

Introduced in 1950 in Copenaghen due to poliomyelitis.

The only way to survive as by using iron lungs

Question 3

KIDNEY DIALYSIS

Answer 3

Introduces in Seattle in 1962.

Gave birth to bioethics

Question 4

VEGETATIVE STATE

Answer 4

Upper brain damaged
Brain stem working
Surviving but not able to perceive anything

Question 5

ELUANA ENGLARO

Answer 5

Famous vegetative state case in italy

Question 6

CEREBRAL DEATH

Answer 6

A condition where all functions of the brain are irreversibly damaged it is not reversible and authorizes a doctor to declare that person is dead

Question 7

CHRISTIAN BARNAARD

Answer 7

Surgeon that performed the first heart transplant

Question 8

ETHICAL COMMITTEE

Answer 8

Supposed to help doctors by giving them support and guidelines depending on the problem.
They are the practitioners of bioethics

Question 9

3 TYPES OF EUTHANASIA

Answer 9

• Active ( doctor administers a poison. Can be direct or indirect)
• Passive ( suspension of medical treatment)
• Assisted ( the patient takes the drug prepared by the doctor)

Question 10

BIOETHICS

Answer 10

The systematic study of human conduct in the area of the sciences of life and health
under the light of moral values and principles

Question 11

DOCTRINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT

Answer 11

Euthanasia and pain relief.
It is not considered euthanasia to give a drug to reduce distress (medication induces the patient to die sooner), because the doctor’s intention was to relieve the pain

Question 12

HEAL AND CARE

Answer 12

Heal: to cure the patient
Care: taking care of the patient
Even if there is no cure, you must care

Question 13

ASSISTED FERTILIZATION

Answer 13

A set of procedures which allow us to conceive

Question 14

INFERTILITY

Answer 14

Unable to conceive with unprotected, well-timed sex for 12 months or more

Question 15

STERILITY

Answer 15

A person who is clinically sterile is unable to conceive, whether through medical or surgical intervention, or through assisted reproductive technologies

Question 16

2 ASSISTED FERTILIZATION

Answer 16

• Homologous and heterologous

- In vivo or in vitro

Question 17

HOMOLOGOUS FERTILIZATION

Answer 17

Both gametes available

No need of a donor

Question 18

HETEROLOGOUS

Answer 18

Eggs and/or the sperm not available

Donor is needed

Question 19

IN VIVO FERTILIZATION

Answer 19

The sperm is injected directly in the woman’s womb

Question 20

IN VITRO FERTILIZATION

Answer 20

The games are picked up and they meet in a Petri dish.

If the sperm still doesn’t manage to fertilize the egg, it gets injected singularly in the egg

Question 21

ICSI

Answer 21

Intra cytoplasmatic sperm injection

Used in in vitro fertilization

Question 22

SLIPPERY SLOPE

Answer 22

You start considering something as exceptional but then it becomes something common

Question 23

ISSUES OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION

Answer 23

• Slippery slope (designer babies)

- Eugenics ( instrumentalization of the person)

Question 24

IS THE EMBRYO A PERSON?

Answer 24

• Yes ( hard version): seed-soil theory, embryo=adult
• Yes (soft): act-power theory, embryo= will become a perso
• No ( neuroscientific): you are a being if you have a formed central system
• No ( psychological): personhood can be give by the continuity of memories and mental states ( embryo= no memories)

Question 25

GENETIC DISEASE

Answer 25

An alteration of the genetic code, which makes it unable to produce certain proteins and makes it difficult to live a normal life

Question 26

TERTIARY PREVENTION

Answer 26

Preventing/delaying complications

EX. pulmonary disinfection for Cystic Fibrosis

Question 26

TERTIARY PREVENTION

Answer 26

Preventing/delaying complications

EX. pulmonary disinfection for Cystic Fibrosis

Question 27

PREVENTION TRANSMISSION

Answer 27

Reproductive programs, preimplantation genetic diagnoses, gene testing
EX. in Singapore some people were prevented from reproducing based on their level of fitness

Question 28

FUNCTIONAL REPLACEMENT

Answer 28

By technology

EX. if you cannot stand up you are given an external skeleton

Question 29

THE CURE

Answer 29

The idea of adding healthy/wild or transgenic genes via bacteria

Question 30

CRISPR-Cas9 gene scissors technology

Answer 30

Used for the replacement of a sick gene
It works by:
1. Identifying the enemy ( using CRISPR) : genetic sequences
2. Break it ( using Cas9) : preventing replication

Question 31

LIVING WILL

Answer 31

Possibility to decide for your life