Pennestrì Flashcards
Tracheotomy
procedure that permits to open the airways
INTENSIVE CARE UNITS
Introduced in 1950 in Copenaghen due to poliomyelitis.
The only way to survive as by using iron lungs
KIDNEY DIALYSIS
Introduces in Seattle in 1962.
Gave birth to bioethics
VEGETATIVE STATE
Upper brain damaged
Brain stem working
Surviving but not able to perceive anything
ELUANA ENGLARO
Famous vegetative state case in italy
CEREBRAL DEATH
A condition where all functions of the brain are irreversibly damaged it is not reversible and authorizes a doctor to declare that person is dead
CHRISTIAN BARNAARD
Surgeon that performed the first heart transplant
ETHICAL COMMITTEE
Supposed to help doctors by giving them support and guidelines depending on the problem.
They are the practitioners of bioethics
3 TYPES OF EUTHANASIA
- Active ( doctor administers a poison. Can be direct or indirect)
- Passive ( suspension of medical treatment)
- Assisted ( the patient takes the drug prepared by the doctor)
BIOETHICS
The systematic study of human conduct in the area of the sciences of life and health
under the light of moral values and principles
DOCTRINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT
Euthanasia and pain relief.
It is not considered euthanasia to give a drug to reduce distress (medication induces the patient to die sooner), because the doctor’s intention was to relieve the pain
HEAL AND CARE
Heal: to cure the patient
Care: taking care of the patient
Even if there is no cure, you must care
ASSISTED FERTILIZATION
A set of procedures which allow us to conceive
INFERTILITY
Unable to conceive with unprotected, well-timed sex for 12 months or more
STERILITY
A person who is clinically sterile is unable to conceive, whether through medical or surgical intervention, or through assisted reproductive technologies
2 ASSISTED FERTILIZATION
- Homologous and heterologous
- In vivo or in vitro
HOMOLOGOUS FERTILIZATION
Both gametes available
No need of a donor
HETEROLOGOUS
Eggs and/or the sperm not available
Donor is needed
IN VIVO FERTILIZATION
The sperm is injected directly in the woman’s womb
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
The games are picked up and they meet in a Petri dish.
If the sperm still doesn’t manage to fertilize the egg, it gets injected singularly in the egg
ICSI
Intra cytoplasmatic sperm injection
Used in in vitro fertilization
SLIPPERY SLOPE
You start considering something as exceptional but then it becomes something common
ISSUES OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
- Slippery slope (designer babies)
- Eugenics ( instrumentalization of the person)
IS THE EMBRYO A PERSON?
- Yes ( hard version): seed-soil theory, embryo=adult
- Yes (soft): act-power theory, embryo= will become a perso
- No ( neuroscientific): you are a being if you have a formed central system
- No ( psychological): personhood can be give by the continuity of memories and mental states ( embryo= no memories)
