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General Pharmacology > Penicillin, Cephalosporins, and Carbapenems > Flashcards

Penicillin, Cephalosporins, and Carbapenems Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin is scientifically known as

A

6-aminopenicillanic acid

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2
Q

Mechanisms of Actions

A 
Cell Wall Synthesis
Antimetabolites
DNA Replication
RNA Synthesis
Protein Synthesis
 -30S ribosome
 -50S ribosome
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3
Q

The name of the structure of penicillin

A

“Penicillin Home”

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4
Q

A broad spectrum penicillin

A

Ampicillin

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5
Q

Destroys beta-lactam rings

A

beta-lactamase

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6
Q

Outer protection of gram-positive bacteria

A

peptidoglycan cell wall

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7
Q

Outer protection of gram-negative bacteria

A

outer membrane, periplasmic space

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8
Q

Bacteria with this outer membrane are not effective to be used with penicillin

A

sterol-packed

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9
Q

True or False:

Penicillin is bacteriocidal.

A

TRUE. Penicillin is bacteriocidal.

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10
Q

A penicillin taken intravenously

A

Penicillin G

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11
Q

A penicillin taken by mouth

A

Penicillin V

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12
Q

The ability of the drug to bind to its receptor

A

Affinity

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13
Q

What causes antibacterial resistance:

A

Destruction of antibiotic by beta-lactamase
Failure of antibiotic to penetrate to active site
Low affinity binding of antibiotic to PBPs

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14
Q

Who discovered penicillin?

A

Alexander Fleming

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15
Q

The main ring of penicillins

A

Thiazolidine ring

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16
Q

Natural penicillin of Pen G

A

Penicillin notatum

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17
Q

Natural penicillin of Pen V

A

Penicillin fulvum

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18
Q

A bacteria named after methicillin

A

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

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19
Q

MRSA means?

A

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

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20
Q

An antibiotic taken after birth

A

ampicillin

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21
Q

An antibiotic misused for toothache

A

amoxicillin

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22
Q

Most used uridopenicillin

A

piperacillin

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23
Q

Acidic form of clavulinate

A

clavulanic acid

24
Q

Protects beta-lactamase

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

25
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors are also known as?

A

Suicide drug

26
Q

1+1=1

A

Potentiation

27
Q

“Penicillin with an underground basement”

A

Cephalosporin

28
Q

Excellently penetrates through tissues

A

Cephalosporin

29
Q

A patient allergic to penicillin can take cephalosporin instead.

A

FALSE. Both have a similar structure.

30
Q

Main ring of cephalosporins

A

Dihydrothiazine ring

31
Q

Cephalosporins are excreted through?

A

Kidneys

32
Q

A prototype of all cephalosporins

A

Cefuroxime

33
Q

Cefuroxime is a what generation of drug

A

2nd generation

34
Q

Generation used against gram+ bacteria only

A

1st generation

35
Q

Generation used against gram+ bacteria and gram- except meningitis

A

2nd generation

36
Q

Generation used against gram- bacteria, less gram+, few against pseudomonas

A

3rd generation

37
Q

Generation used against gram+ staph. aureus, gram- pseudomonas

A

4th generation

38
Q

Generation used for targeted therapy

A

4th generation

39
Q

Cephalosporins are NOT effective against?

A

Listeria monocytogenes
Enterococcus spp.
Anaerobes

40
Q

Bacteria that can live without oxygen

A

Anaerobes

41
Q

Decrease of neutrophils

A

Neutropenia

42
Q

Rare adverse effects of penicillin

A

Neurologic

Renal

43
Q

Allergic reaction, cannot breath

A

Anaphylaxis

44
Q

Allergic reaction, itchiness

A

Urticaria

45
Q

Allergic reaction, blood

A

Hemolitic anemia

46
Q

Adverse reaction, misuse of drug, high dose, affects the kidneys

A

Hepatic dysfunction

47
Q

Causes platelet dysfunction

A

Cefuroxime

48
Q

Adverse effect of cefuroxime

A

Platelet dysfunction

49
Q

Imipenems

A

gram-
anaerobes
less pseudomonas
active against antibacterial-resistant cephalosporin

50
Q

gram-, anaerobes, less of gram+, active against bacteria resistant cephalosporin

A

Meropenems

51
Q

Meropenem

A 
gram-
anaerobes
less gram+
active against antibacterial-resistant cephalosporin
for children
52
Q

gram-, anaerobes, less of gram+, active against bacteria resistant cephalosporin, for children

A

Meropenem

53
Q

Astreonam

A

gram-
gram resistant to many antibiotics
not for gram+
for allergic to penicillin and cephalosporin

54
Q

Used for patients allergic to penicillin and cephalosporin

A

Astreonam

55
Q

Astreonam is what type of antibiotic

A

Monobactam

General Pharmacology (6 decks)

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