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General Pharmacology > Drugs for Disorders of the Eye > Flashcards

Drugs for Disorders of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

POAG means

A

primary open angle glaucoma

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2
Q

OHT means

A

ocular hypertension

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3
Q

True or false:

POAG or OHT is less prevalent than closed or narrow angle glaucoma.

A

False. POAG/OHT is MORE prevalent than closed/narrow angle glaucoma

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4
Q

Conjunctiva becomes inflamed and red

A

Conjunctivitis

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5
Q

True or false:

Conjunctivitis often starts in one eye then spreads to the other eye.

A

True

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6
Q

Inflammation of the iris

A

Iritis

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7
Q

Acute causes of irits

A

Trauma, Irritants

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8
Q

Chronic causes of iritis

A

Autoimmune diseases, arthritis, irritable bowel disease, Crohn’s disease

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9
Q

Drugs with alpha and beta adrenergic activity

A

Sympathomimetic drugs

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10
Q

A sympathomimetic drug with fewer adverse reaction

A

Dipivefrin

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11
Q

A sympathomimetic drug used to control or prevent post-operative elevations in IOP

A

Apraclonidone

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12
Q

Brimonidine tartrate is what type of drug?

A

Alpha-2 adrenergic drug

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13
Q

Dapiprazole is what type of drug?

A

Alpha-adrenergic blocking drug

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14
Q

It acts by blocking the adrenergic receptor in the smooth muscles

A

Dapiprazole

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15
Q

Dapiprazole produces (miosis, mydrasis)

A

miosis

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16
Q

Dapiprazole affects the (dilator, constrictor) muscles of the iris

A

dilator

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17
Q

Dapiprazole is used primarily to reverse diagnostic (miosis, mydriasis)

A

mydriasis

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18
Q

The adrenergic blocking drugs that decrease production rate of aqueous humor

A

Beta-blocking adrenergicdrugs

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19
Q

The former drug of choice to treat glaucoma

A

Mitotics

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20
Q

The drug of choice for glaucoma today

A

adrenergic blocking drugs

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21
Q

A type of mitotics that are more potent and longer-acting than direct-acting miotics

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

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22
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors are used to treat what type of glaucoma?

A

Open-angle glaucoma

23
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors produce:

a. slight miosis
b. slight mydriasis
c. intense miosis
d. intense mydriasis

A

intense miosis

24
Q

This drug produce intense miosis and muscle contractions, causing a decreased resistance to aqueous outflow.

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

25
Q

An enzyme found in many tissues of the body, including the eye

A

Carbonic anhydrase

26
Q

Carbonic anhydrase can be used to treat

A

elevated IOP seen in open-angle glaucoma

27
Q

These drugs lower IOP in POAG and OHT through trabecular meshwork

A

Prostaglandin agonist

28
Q

Prostaglandin receptors have been located in which parts of the eye?

A

trabecular meshwork, ciliary muscle, and sclera

29
Q

What type of prostaglandins have a functional role in aqueous humor drainage?

A

Endogenous prostaglandins

30
Q

This drug is used to patients who are unresponsive to latanoprost

A

Bimatoprost

31
Q

Drugs for ophthalmic use as mast cell stabilizers are?

A

Nedocromil and Pemirolast

32
Q

These drugs are used for the prevention of eye itching caused by allergic conjunctivitis

A

Mast cell stabilizers

33
Q

What does mast cell stabilizers inhibit?

A

Antigen-induced release of inflammatory mediators

34
Q

These drugs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis

A

NSAIDs

35
Q

Since NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, what does it exert?

A

NSAIDs exert anti-inflammatory action

36
Q

NSAIDs are used to treat (preoperative, postoperative)

A

postoperative

37
Q

NSAID used after cataract surgery

A

Diclofenac

38
Q

NSAID used for relief of the eyes caused by seasonal allergies

A

Ketorolac

39
Q

NSAID used during eye surgery to prevent miosis

A

Flurbiprofen

40
Q

possesses anti-inflammatory activity; also used after injury to the cornea or after corneal transplants to prevent rejection

A

Corticosteroid

41
Q

Examples of corticosteroids

A

Dexamethasone, Fluorometholone, Prednisolone

42
Q

Conditions where corticosteroid drugs are usually used to treat

A

Allergic conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Herpes zoster keratitis
Iritis

43
Q

Possesses antibacterial activity used to treat eye infections

A

Antibiotics

44
Q

Posses bacteriostatic effect against gram+ and gram- microorganisms

A

Sulfonamides

45
Q

Used to treat conjunctivitis, corneal ulcer, and other superficial infections of the eye

A

Antibiotics and sulfonamides

46
Q

Examples of antibiotics/sulfonamides

A

Bacitracin
Erythromycin
Gentamycin
Tobramycin

47
Q

interfere with viral reproduction

A

Antiviral drugs

48
Q

What do antiviral drugs do to the DNA synthesis

A

antiviral drugs alter DNA synthesis

49
Q

What drug is used for herpes simplex infections of the eye, immunocompromised patientds with cytomegalovirus, and CMV retinitis?

A

Antiviral drugs

50
Q

The only antifungal drug for ophthalmic use

A

Natamycin

51
Q

Examples of antiviral drugs

A

Idoxuridine

Vidarabine

52
Q

These drugs dilates the pupils, constrict superficial blood vessels of the sclera, and decrease the formation of AH

A

Vasoconstrictor mydriatics

53
Q

Causes mydriasis and cycloplegia

A

Cycloplegics mydriatics

54
Q

Cycloplegia means?

A

Paralysis of the ciliary muscles, therefore eyes cannot focus

General Pharmacology (6 decks)

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