Drugs for Disorders of the Eye Flashcards
POAG means
primary open angle glaucoma
OHT means
ocular hypertension
True or false:
POAG or OHT is less prevalent than closed or narrow angle glaucoma.
False. POAG/OHT is MORE prevalent than closed/narrow angle glaucoma
Conjunctiva becomes inflamed and red
Conjunctivitis
True or false:
Conjunctivitis often starts in one eye then spreads to the other eye.
True
Inflammation of the iris
Iritis
Acute causes of irits
Trauma, Irritants
Chronic causes of iritis
Autoimmune diseases, arthritis, irritable bowel disease, Crohn’s disease
Drugs with alpha and beta adrenergic activity
Sympathomimetic drugs
A sympathomimetic drug with fewer adverse reaction
Dipivefrin
A sympathomimetic drug used to control or prevent post-operative elevations in IOP
Apraclonidone
Brimonidine tartrate is what type of drug?
Alpha-2 adrenergic drug
Dapiprazole is what type of drug?
Alpha-adrenergic blocking drug
It acts by blocking the adrenergic receptor in the smooth muscles
Dapiprazole
Dapiprazole produces (miosis, mydrasis)
miosis
Dapiprazole affects the (dilator, constrictor) muscles of the iris
dilator
Dapiprazole is used primarily to reverse diagnostic (miosis, mydriasis)
mydriasis
The adrenergic blocking drugs that decrease production rate of aqueous humor
Beta-blocking adrenergicdrugs
The former drug of choice to treat glaucoma
Mitotics
The drug of choice for glaucoma today
adrenergic blocking drugs
A type of mitotics that are more potent and longer-acting than direct-acting miotics
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Cholinesterase inhibitors are used to treat what type of glaucoma?
Open-angle glaucoma
Cholinesterase inhibitors produce:
a. slight miosis
b. slight mydriasis
c. intense miosis
d. intense mydriasis
intense miosis
This drug produce intense miosis and muscle contractions, causing a decreased resistance to aqueous outflow.
Cholinesterase inhibitors
An enzyme found in many tissues of the body, including the eye
Carbonic anhydrase
Carbonic anhydrase can be used to treat
elevated IOP seen in open-angle glaucoma
These drugs lower IOP in POAG and OHT through trabecular meshwork
Prostaglandin agonist
Prostaglandin receptors have been located in which parts of the eye?
trabecular meshwork, ciliary muscle, and sclera
What type of prostaglandins have a functional role in aqueous humor drainage?
Endogenous prostaglandins
This drug is used to patients who are unresponsive to latanoprost
Bimatoprost
Drugs for ophthalmic use as mast cell stabilizers are?
Nedocromil and Pemirolast
These drugs are used for the prevention of eye itching caused by allergic conjunctivitis
Mast cell stabilizers
What does mast cell stabilizers inhibit?
Antigen-induced release of inflammatory mediators
These drugs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
NSAIDs
Since NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, what does it exert?
NSAIDs exert anti-inflammatory action
NSAIDs are used to treat (preoperative, postoperative)
postoperative
NSAID used after cataract surgery
Diclofenac
NSAID used for relief of the eyes caused by seasonal allergies
Ketorolac
NSAID used during eye surgery to prevent miosis
Flurbiprofen
possesses anti-inflammatory activity; also used after injury to the cornea or after corneal transplants to prevent rejection
Corticosteroid
Examples of corticosteroids
Dexamethasone, Fluorometholone, Prednisolone
Conditions where corticosteroid drugs are usually used to treat
Allergic conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Herpes zoster keratitis
Iritis
Possesses antibacterial activity used to treat eye infections
Antibiotics
Posses bacteriostatic effect against gram+ and gram- microorganisms
Sulfonamides
Used to treat conjunctivitis, corneal ulcer, and other superficial infections of the eye
Antibiotics and sulfonamides
Examples of antibiotics/sulfonamides
Bacitracin
Erythromycin
Gentamycin
Tobramycin
interfere with viral reproduction
Antiviral drugs
What do antiviral drugs do to the DNA synthesis
antiviral drugs alter DNA synthesis
What drug is used for herpes simplex infections of the eye, immunocompromised patientds with cytomegalovirus, and CMV retinitis?
Antiviral drugs
The only antifungal drug for ophthalmic use
Natamycin
Examples of antiviral drugs
Idoxuridine
Vidarabine
These drugs dilates the pupils, constrict superficial blood vessels of the sclera, and decrease the formation of AH
Vasoconstrictor mydriatics
Causes mydriasis and cycloplegia
Cycloplegics mydriatics
Cycloplegia means?
Paralysis of the ciliary muscles, therefore eyes cannot focus
