Cough and Colds Flashcards

1
Q

True or False:

Cough is a protective reflex

A

True

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2
Q

Its purpose is expulsion of respiratory secretions or foreign particles from the airway

A

Cough

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3
Q

What stimulates cough?

A

Mechanoreceptors or chemoreceptors in throat, respiratory passage, or stretch receptors in the lungs

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4
Q

Investigations required in patients with cough

A

Chest x-ray
Sputum (for organisms)
Bronchoscopy

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5
Q

Cough is due to specific disease conditions like

A

tuberculosis (TB)
bronchial asthma
bronchiectasis
lung abscess

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6
Q

Bronchial tree irritants that causes cough

A

Smoking
Dust
Allergens
Irritative food

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7
Q

Should productive cough be suppressed?

A

In principle, NO. It is useful.

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8
Q

Examples of antihistamines

A

Promethazine
Chlorphenamine
Diphenhydramine

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9
Q

Examples of opioids

A

Codeine

Morphine

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10
Q

Example on non-opioid

A

Dextromethrophan

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11
Q

These are soothing and inhibit irritation

A

Pharyngeal demulcents

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12
Q

Examples of pharyngeal demulcents

A

Lozenges

Cough drops

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13
Q

Examples of mucolytics

A

Bromhexine

Acetylcysteine

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14
Q

A viral infection affecting the membranes of the nose, throat, and bronchial tree

A

Common cold

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15
Q

Symptoms of common cold

A
Watery discharge from nose
Oedema of the nasal mucosa
Difficulty breathing via nose
Headache
Fever
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16
Q

True or False:

Common colds are self-limiting.

17
Q

If common cold is self-limiting, does that mean it may need no specific treatment?

18
Q

Examples of antipyretics

A

Aspirin

Paracetamol

19
Q

An antihistamine used to reduce production of mucus by nasal mucosa

A

Chlorphenamine

20
Q

These act by stimulating alpha adrenoreceptors

A

Ephedrine nasal drops

21
Q

They relieve nasal congestion by shrinking blood vessels and this widening the nasal passages and slowing down mucus production

A

Decongestants

22
Q

These decongestants work more quickly

A

Topical Decongestant Nasal Sprays

23
Q

Topical decongestant nasal sprays/drops use is limited to a maximum duration of?

24
Q

Loosen the mucus or phlegm in the airways to help clear of irritants, therefore it is easier to cough up.

A

Expectorants

25
This offers maximum loosening of mucus
Water
26
These are only for dry, hacking cough, and reduces the urge to cough
Suppresants
27
Suppressants may increase the effects of _______ and can cause _____.
alcohol, drowsiness
28
If suppressants are taken regularly, it may cause ______.
constipation
29
Suppressants are not recommended for children under?
12 months
30
Some cough medicines contain what two types of drugs?
expectorant and suppressant
31
These drugs help block pain of muscle, headache, and lower high temperature
Antipyretics
32
Examples of antipyretics
``` Aspirin Ibuprofen Mefenamic acid Naproxen sodium Paracetamol Salicylate ```
33
Prolonged taking of some antipyretics can cause?
gastrointestinal bleeding/ulceration
34
Giving aspirin or salicylates to children and teenagers is dangerous because of its association to what syndrome?
Reye's syndrome
35
Reye's syndrome usually occurs to children between what ages?
3 to 12 years of age
36
Type of antihistamine that induces sleep
Sedating antihistamines
37
Type of antihistamine that do not induce sleep
Non-sedating antihistamines
38
What do antihistamines do
Antihistamines help dry up nasal secretions