Cough and Colds

Question 1

True or False:

Cough is a protective reflex

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Its purpose is expulsion of respiratory secretions or foreign particles from the airway

Answer 2

Cough

Question 3

What stimulates cough?

Answer 3

Mechanoreceptors or chemoreceptors in throat, respiratory passage, or stretch receptors in the lungs

Question 4

Investigations required in patients with cough

Answer 4

Chest x-ray
Sputum (for organisms)
Bronchoscopy

Question 5

Cough is due to specific disease conditions like

Answer 5

tuberculosis (TB)
bronchial asthma
bronchiectasis
lung abscess

Question 6

Bronchial tree irritants that causes cough

Answer 6

Smoking
Dust
Allergens
Irritative food

Question 7

Should productive cough be suppressed?

Answer 7

In principle, NO. It is useful.

Question 8

Examples of antihistamines

Answer 8

Promethazine
Chlorphenamine
Diphenhydramine

Question 9

Examples of opioids

Answer 9

Codeine

Morphine

Question 10

Example on non-opioid

Answer 10

Dextromethrophan

Question 11

These are soothing and inhibit irritation

Answer 11

Pharyngeal demulcents

Question 12

Examples of pharyngeal demulcents

Answer 12

Lozenges

Cough drops

Question 13

Examples of mucolytics

Answer 13

Bromhexine

Acetylcysteine

Question 14

A viral infection affecting the membranes of the nose, throat, and bronchial tree

Answer 14

Common cold

Question 15

Symptoms of common cold

Answer 15

Watery discharge from nose
Oedema of the nasal mucosa
Difficulty breathing via nose
Headache
Fever

Question 16

True or False:

Common colds are self-limiting.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

If common cold is self-limiting, does that mean it may need no specific treatment?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Examples of antipyretics

Answer 18

Aspirin

Paracetamol

Question 19

An antihistamine used to reduce production of mucus by nasal mucosa

Answer 19

Chlorphenamine

Question 20

These act by stimulating alpha adrenoreceptors

Answer 20

Ephedrine nasal drops

Question 21

They relieve nasal congestion by shrinking blood vessels and this widening the nasal passages and slowing down mucus production

Answer 21

Decongestants

Question 22

These decongestants work more quickly

Answer 22

Topical Decongestant Nasal Sprays

Question 23

Topical decongestant nasal sprays/drops use is limited to a maximum duration of?

Answer 23

7 days

Question 24

Loosen the mucus or phlegm in the airways to help clear of irritants, therefore it is easier to cough up.

Answer 24

Expectorants

Question 25

This offers maximum loosening of mucus

Answer 25

Water

Question 26

These are only for dry, hacking cough, and reduces the urge to cough

Answer 26

Suppresants

Question 27

Suppressants may increase the effects of _______ and can cause _____.

Answer 27

alcohol, drowsiness

Question 28

If suppressants are taken regularly, it may cause ______.

Answer 28

constipation

Question 29

Suppressants are not recommended for children under?

Answer 29

12 months

Question 30

Some cough medicines contain what two types of drugs?

Answer 30

expectorant and suppressant

Question 31

These drugs help block pain of muscle, headache, and lower high temperature

Answer 31

Antipyretics

Question 32

Examples of antipyretics

Answer 32

``` Aspirin Ibuprofen Mefenamic acid Naproxen sodium Paracetamol Salicylate ```

Question 33

Prolonged taking of some antipyretics can cause?

Answer 33

gastrointestinal bleeding/ulceration

Question 34

Giving aspirin or salicylates to children and teenagers is dangerous because of its association to what syndrome?

Answer 34

Reye's syndrome

Question 35

Reye's syndrome usually occurs to children between what ages?

Answer 35

3 to 12 years of age

Question 36

Type of antihistamine that induces sleep

Answer 36

Sedating antihistamines

Question 37

Type of antihistamine that do not induce sleep

Answer 37

Non-sedating antihistamines

Question 38

What do antihistamines do

Answer 38

Antihistamines help dry up nasal secretions