penicillin Flashcards
penicillins mechanism of action
inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross linking so are bactericidal
can penicillin be used in pregnancy
yes
excretion of penicillin
rapid via the kidneys
penicillins range from
very narrow spectrum to very broad spectrum
penicillins can cause
type 1 hypersensitivity reactions in some people
the rapid excretion of penicillin via the kidneys
means frequent dosing is required
types of penicillins
- penicillin
- flucloxacillin
- amoxicillin
- co-amoxiclav
- piperacillin/ tazobactam
3 forms of penicillin
- benzylpenicillin (penicillin G IV form)
- phenoxmethyl penicillin (Penicillin V oral form)
- long acting penicillin (IM form)
penicillin forms
are all narrow spectrum antibiotics covering streptococci and clostridium and some species of neisseria
flucloxacillin
very narrow spectrum antibiotic active against only staph aureus and streptococcus
when is flucloxacillin the drug of choice
for staphylococcus aureus
amoxicillin contains
a beta lactam ring so it has become less affective over the years as many organisms produce beta lactamase which is an enzyme which destroys amoxicillin
amoxicillin is very useful against
enterococci and also against strep, clostridium, haemophilus influenza and neisseria
co-amoxiclav
combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (which is a beta lactase inhibitor)
co-amoxiclav is a
broad spectrum antibiotic useful against staph aureus, enterococcus, streptococcus, bactericides, haemophilus influenza, neisseria and E. coli
