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Anatomy 6512 > Pelvis & Pelvic Floor > Flashcards

Pelvis & Pelvic Floor Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 regions of the pelvis separated by the pelvic rim?

A

1) False pelvis – above pelvic brim
- pelvic inlet continuous with abdominal cavity
- greater pelvis

2) True pelvis – below pelvic brim
- pelvic outlet closed off below by muscular pelvic floor
- lesser pelvis

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2
Q

What are the components of the pelvic girdle?

A
  • 1 sacrum = 5 fused sacral vertebrae

- 2 os coxae = ilium, ischium & pubis

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3
Q

Explain Sexual Dimorphism of Pelvis.

A
  • Oval pelvic brim in ♀ vs. heart-shaped in ♂
  • shorter pubic symphysis in ♀
  • much wider pubic arch in ♀
  • more flared iliac wings (alae) in ♀
  • ischial tuberosities farther apart in ♀
  • sacrum shorter & less curved in ♀

*All for accommodation of childbirth

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4
Q

What are the specific features of the female pelvis?

A

♀
Oval to rounded pelvic inlet = superior pelvic aperture
- pubic arch is wider with a subpubic anlge >80
- obturator foramen is oval
- acetabulum is small

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5
Q

What are the specific features of the male pelvis?

A

♂
Males have thicker and heavier structure related to heavier build and larger muscles of men
- greater pelvis is deeper (no childbirth)
- lesser pelvis is narrow and deep
- pubic arch is naroow with a subpubic arch <70
- obturator foramen is round
- acetabulum is large

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6
Q

What are the ligaments of the pelvis?

A
  • pubic symphysis - connects 2 pubic bones
  • Ant. sacroiliac lig.
  • Post. sacroiliac lig.
  • sacrotuberous lig.
  • sacrospinuos lig.
  • obturator membrane - closes off obturator foramen(lower border of obturator canal
  • interosseous lig.
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7
Q

Where is the sacrotuberous lig.?

A
  • ischial tuberosity to sacrum/coccyx

- lower border of lesser sciatic foramen

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8
Q

Where is the sacrospinuos lig.?

A
  • ischial spine to sacrum/coccyx (lower boundary of greater sciatic foramen)
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9
Q

What are the Muscles of Pelvic walls?

A

1) Piriformis m.

2) Obturator internus

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10
Q

What are the specifics of the Piriformis m.?

A
  • anterior sacrum to greater trochanter
  • passes behind greater sciatic notch
  • closes off posterior/superior pelvic outlet
  • arises in pelvis to act on hip joint
  • passes thru greater sciatic foramen
  • S1, S2
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11
Q

What are the specifics of the Obturator internus m.?

A
  • obturator foramen to greater trochanter
  • covered with thick fascia & attaches to levator ani as tendinous arch
  • arises in pelvis to act on hip joint
  • passes thru lesser sciatic foramen
  • L5, S1
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12
Q

What separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum, formed by muscles and fascia?

A

The Pelvic Floor/Diaphragm

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13
Q

What muscles are the largest component of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

The 3 Levator Ani muscles:

  • Iliococcygeus
  • Pubococcygeus
  • Puborectalis
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14
Q

What are the other muscles of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Coccygeus mm.

Assisted by piriformis & obturator internus mm.

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15
Q

What is the perineum?

A

A diamond shaped region between thigh, made up of 2 Δs

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16
Q

What 2 Δs make up the perineum?

A

1) Urogenital Δ
- passage of urinary & genital systems
- deep trans. perineal mm. or UG diaphragm

2) Anal Δ
- passage of rectum & anus
- pelvic floor mm. or pelvic diaphragm

17
Q

What are the specifics of the Deep Transverse Perineal mm. /UG Diaphragm?

A
  • Anterior/inferior to pelvic diaphragm
  • Composed of deep transervse perineal mm.
  • Extends between 2 pubic arches
  • Attaches posteriorly to perineal body
  • Blends with sphincter mm. of urethra and vagina(♀)
18
Q

What/where are the ureters?

A
  • transport urine from kidneys to bladder
  • cross ext. iliac vessels & descend into pelvis
  • travel to posterolateral aspect of urinary bladder
  • Female: uterine a. crosses ureter
  • Male: ductus deferens crosses ureter
19
Q

What the specifics of the urinary bladder?

A
  • stores urine prior to expulsion thru urethra
  • consists of smooth m. = detrusor urinae
  • covered by peritoneum & supported by pelvic floor
20
Q

What are the specifics of the female urethra?

A
  • ~ 3.5 – 4 cm

- Pierces ant. portion of UG diaphragm between bladder and external urethral orifice

21
Q

What are the specifics of the rectum?

A
  • located in true pelvis superior to pelvic floor

- normally constricted by puborectal sling - U-shaped puborectalis m.

22
Q

What are the specifics of the Anal Canal?

A
  • emerges in anal Δ inferior to pelvic floor
  • continuous with rectum at anorectal junction & produces curvature at anorectal junction (perineal flexure)
  • relaxes to allow defecation
23
Q

What are the Male Pelvic Viscera?

A
  • Penis
  • Testes -primary male reproductive organs, housed in scrotum
  • Spermatic cord - fascial sheath derived from anterior abdominal wall, from inguinal canal into scrotum, surrounds ductus deferens, testicular vessels & nn.
  • ductus (vas) deferens
  • reproductive glands:
    1) seminal vesicles - joins vas def, forms ejaculatory ducts, empty into prostatic urethra
    2) prostate gland - walnut sized, btwn bladder & UG diaphragm
    3) bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland - 2 pea sized, within UG diaphragm, empty into penile urethra
24
Q

What are the specs on the ovaries?

A
  • primary female reproductive organs
  • produces ova & female hormones - 1 ovum released per menstrual cycle
  • encapsulated and housed in true pelvis
25
Q

What are the specs on the uterine (fallopian) tubes?

A
  • muscular tubes for transport of ovum to uterus

- open channels from peritoneal cavity to uterus- isthmus, ampulla infundibulum & fimbriae

26
Q

What makes up the adnexa?

A

ovaries + uterine tubes + uterine ligaments

27
Q

What are the specs on the uterus?

A
  • ~7 cm long (may enlarge 20x during pregnancy)
  • usually anteverted & at right angle to vaginal canal
  • position changes with full bladder & pregnancy
28
Q

What are the specs on the uterine cervix?

A
  • inferior neck of uterus protruding into vaginal canal

- opens to vagina as external os & uterus as internal os

29
Q

What are the specs on the vaginal fornix?

A
  • circular gutter surrounding cervix

- deeper post. than ant.

30
Q

What are the uterine ligaments?

A

1) Suspensory lig. - peritoneum covering ovarian vessels & nn.
2) Broad lig. - peritoneum covering uterus and adnexa
3) Ovarian lig. - anchors ovary to uterus
4) Round lig. of uterus - continuation of ovarian lig., passes thru inguinal canal to fuse with labia majora

Anatomy 6512 (26 decks)

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