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Anatomy 6512 > Anatomy EX2 - Nerves > Flashcards

Anatomy EX2 - Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Phrenic n.

A
  • Originates from C3-C5 spinal segments
  • Explains paralysis of diaphragmatic respiration from cervical cord injuries
  • Paralyzed hemidiaphragm cannot contract (descend) , remains high in thorax, recognizable on radiographic chest films
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2
Q

What are the nerves of the Anterior Abdominal Wall?

A
  • Ventral rami of T7-L1 spinal nn.

- They run between IO and TA mm.

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3
Q

Which ventral rami supply region above umbilicus?

A
  • T7, T8 & T9
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4
Q

Which ventral ramus supplies umbilicus region?

A
  • T10
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5
Q

Which ventral rami supply region below umbilicus?

A
  • T11, T12 & L1
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6
Q

What does injury to T11, T12, & L1 result in?

A
  • weakens mm in inguinal region

- Predisposes to developing direct inguinal hernias

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7
Q

Innervation to viscera is via ….

A

autonomic n. plexuses

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8
Q

Sympathetic fibers that inverted viscera originate from ….

A

T5-L2(3) – thoracolumbar

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9
Q

Parasympathetic fibers that inverted viscera originate from ….

A

CN X & S2-4 
– craniosacral

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10
Q

Parasympathetic synapses in abdomen occur …

A
  • within effector organs
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11
Q

Preganglionic nerves from CN X to abdomen travel on ….

A
  • upper arterial branches, celiac trunk, SMA, renal aa, and all their branches
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12
Q

Preganglionic nerves from S2-S4 to abdomen travel on ….

A
  • lower arterial branches, IMA and branches
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13
Q

Preganglionic sympathetics going to abdomen synapse in …

A
  • collateral ganglia
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14
Q

Postganglionic sympathetics in abdomen leave ganglia …

A
  • reach effector organs
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15
Q

Post-synaptic sympathetics in abdomen travel on …

A
  • all main arterial branches, celiac trunk, SMA, renal aa, IMA and all their branches
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16
Q

The Celiac Ganglion plexus travels with …

A
  • Celiac brs.
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17
Q

The Superior Mesenteric Ganglion plexus travels with …

A
  • SMA brs.
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18
Q

The Aorticorenal Ganglion plexus travels with …

A
  • renal brs.
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19
Q

The Inferior mesenteric ganglion plexus travels with …

A
  • IMA brs.
20
Q

The Celiac Ganglion, the Superior Mesenteric Ganglion, the Aorticorenal Ganglion & all receive …

A
  • thoracic splanchnic nn & CN X brs
21
Q

The Inferior mesenteric ganglion receives …

A
  • lumbar splanchnic nn & S2-S4 brs
22
Q

What are the nerves of the posterior abdominal wall?

A
  • Ventral rami T12-L4

- Lumbar plexus of nn., located beneath fascia of posterior abd. mm.

23
Q

Subcostal n. (T12)

A
  • ~1cm inferior to 12th rib
  • Supplies sensory to ant./lat. abd. wall
  • Supplies motor to abdominal mm.: EO, IO, TA, pyramidalis, RA, QL
24
Q

Iliohypogastric & Ilioinguinal Nn. (L1)

A
  • Can arise from common trunk
    descend ant. to QL
  • Iliohypogastric n. supplies skin of suprapubic region
  • Ilioinguinal n. runs thru inguinal call to supply it
  • Both also supply abd. mm.
25
Q

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous N. (L2-L3)

A
  • Descends ant. to iliacus m.
  • Passes deep to inguinal ring
  • Inferior to ASIS
  • Supplies ant./lat. skin of thigh
26
Q

Femoral N. (L2-L4)

A
  • Runs between iliacus & psoas major mm.
  • Passes deep to inguinal ligament
  • Inferior to ASIS
  • Supplies sensory & motor to anterior thigh
27
Q

Genitofemoral N. (L1-L2)

A
  • Pierces psoas major m.
  • descends along ant. surface
  • Splits to femoral br. & genital br.
  • Supplies skin inf. & med. to inguinal ligament
  • Supplies cremaster m. (of spermatic cord)
28
Q

Obturator N. (L2-L4)

A
  • Runs medial to psoas major mm.
  • Passes thru obturator foramen
  • Supplies sensory & motor to medial thigh
29
Q

Lumbosacral Trunk (L4-L5)

A
  • Large n. trunk crosses over ala of sacrum
  • Descends into pelvis to help form sacral plexus
  • Provides general contributions to both plexuses
30
Q

Sacral Plexus (L4-S4)

A

-Somatic innervation
Forms 3 nn.:
-Sciatic & Gluteal nn
-Pudendal n.

31
Q

L4-L5

A
  • forms LS trunk & crosses over sacral ala
32
Q

S1

A
  • emerges above piriformis m.
33
Q

S2 & S3

A
  • emerges thru piriformis m.
34
Q

S2-S4

A
  • contributes to pudendal n.
35
Q

L4-S3

A
  • form sciatic & gluteal nn.
36
Q

What are the Autonomic Sympathetic Plexuses of the Pelvis & Peritoneum?

A
  • T10 – L2(3) – prevertebral plexus

- Symp. S2-S4 = Sacral splanchnic nn.

37
Q

What are the Autonomic Parasympathetic Plexuses of the Pelvis & Peritoneum?

A
  • S2 – S4

- P-symp = Pelvic splanchnic nn.

38
Q

Superior Hypogastric Plexus

A
  • Contains mostly sympathetic fibers
  • Covers bifurcation of aorta & upper sacrum
  • Condenses to form 2 hypogastric nn.
39
Q

In thorax, sympathetic chains are lateral to vertebrae they move ____ as they descend .

A

medially

40
Q

Pelvic Sympathetic fibers converge & terminate anterior to coccyx as …

A

Ganglion impar

41
Q

Hypogastric Nerve

A
  • Contains mostly sympathetic fibers
  • Diverge & curve outward bilateral to rectum
  • Expands to form inferior hypogastric plexus.
42
Q

Sacral splanchnic nn. are made up of …

A
  • tiny symp. fibers off symp chain
43
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nn. are made up of …

A
  • tiny p-symp. fibers off S2-S4
44
Q

Both Sacral & Pelvic Splanchnic Nn. enter inferior hypogastric plexusand fibers travel on ____ to ______.

A
  • arterial brs., pelvic organs
45
Q

Splanchnic nn. are easily inured during rectal surgery or radical hysterectomy, this results in …

A
  • impaired bladder control or sexual function
46
Q

Inferior Hypogastric Plexus

A
  • Contains both sympathetic & parasympathetic fibers
  • Found covering pelvic viscera bilaterally
  • Serves as main autonomic plexus of pelvis

Anatomy 6512 (26 decks)

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