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positioning > pelvis & hip review > Flashcards

pelvis & hip review Flashcards

1
Q

when the femur is vertical, which condyle is considered lower

A

medial condyle

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2
Q

anteriorly, what are the distal condyles of the femur separated by

A

patellar surface (trochlear groove)

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3
Q

the hip bone is made up of what 3 bones

A

ischium, ilium, & pubis

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4
Q

what is the name of the cup shaped socket that receives the head of the femur on the hip bone

A

acetabulum

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5
Q

the body of the ilium forms how much of the acetabulum

A

2/5th superiorly

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6
Q

list the four prominent projections found on the ilium

A

ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS

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7
Q

what three parts does the pubis consist of

A

body, superior ramus, inferior ramus

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8
Q

when the body is in a seated upright position, the weight of the body rests on what structures

A

ischial tuberosities

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9
Q

what is the prominent ridge between the trochanters on the posterior surface of the body named

A

intertrochanteric crest

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10
Q

the two common fracture sites in the elderly

A

femoral neck, intertrochanteric crest

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11
Q

two other names for the hip bone

A

ossa coxae & innominate bones

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12
Q

where does the iliac crest set on vertebrae

A

L4 - L5 interspace

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13
Q

the pelvis consists of which 4 bones

A

2 hip bones, sacrum, & coccyx

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14
Q

what is the name of the small depression located on the head of the femur

A

fovea capitis

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15
Q

the pubic of the hip bones articulate with each other at the anterior midline of the body, forming a joint called ?

A

pubic symphysis

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16
Q

the largest foramen in the body

A

obturator foramen

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17
Q

for which projection of an individual hip should the unaffected hip be flexed and the thigh be raised out of the way of the central ray

A

axiolateral projection (danelius - miller)

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18
Q

how many degrees should the feet & lower limbs be internally rotated for an AP pelvis radiograph

A

15-20 degrees

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19
Q

the CR for an AP pelvis is directed perpendicular to the center of the IR , what is the entrance point

A

2’’ superior to the pubic symphysis
2’’ inferior of the ASIS

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20
Q

what will be shown in profile of the lower limbs are in correct position for an AP pelvis

A

greater trochanter

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21
Q

what is the CR angle for an AP projection of the hip

A

perpendicular

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22
Q

unless suspected fracture, the lower limb and leg should be internally rotated for an axiolateral projection of the hip (danelius - miller) how many degrees of rotation are required

A

15 - 20 degrees

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23
Q

what is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the pelvis

A

suspended respiration

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24
Q

which of the following is an important and frequently used radiographic positioning reference point

A

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

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25
Q

the strongest bone in the body

A

femur

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26
Q

where is the IR centered for an AP pelvis

A

midway between the ASIS and pubic symphysis

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27
Q

T/F : a grid is recommended for hip radiography

A

true

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28
Q

T/F : it is important to include the entire prosthesis when examining a patient with a total hip replacement

A

true

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29
Q

true pelvis is also

A

lower, actual birth canal, “lesser” pelvis

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30
Q

the false pelvis is also

A

higher, “greater” pelvis, inlet part of pelvis
where baby “cooks”

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31
Q

the trochanters are joined by a ridge called the

A

interchrochanter crest

32
Q

the ilium makes up the ___ part of the acetabulum

A

superior (2/5th)

33
Q

the area superior to the oblique plane through the pelvis brim is the greater or ___

A

false pelvis

34
Q

a severe blow or trauma to one side of the pelvis that results in a fracture on the opposite side from the injury

A

pelvic ring fracture

35
Q

general differences between the male and female pelvis

A

shape, angle of pubic arch, position of ischial spines

36
Q

between right and left pubic bones , cartilaginous and is very limited movement or ampiarthrodial

A

symphysis pubis

37
Q

between sacrum & ilium , synovial joint & irregular gliding

A

sacroiliac joints (SI)

38
Q

the symphysis pubis is ___ inferior to the ASIS

A

3-4 inches

39
Q

typical sign for a broken hip

A

leg turned external

40
Q

pelvic ring fracture is best seen on

A

CT scan

41
Q

good for joint abnormalities & can look at muscles and soft tissue in addition to x rays

A

MRI

42
Q

best to demonstrate newborn hip dislocation and joint stability during movement of lower limbs

A

ultrasound

43
Q

good for early evidence of bony pathology processes, infections, mets, or other primary malignancies. More sensitive and asses the physiologic aspect rather than the anatomic aspect

A

nuclear medicine

44
Q

AP pelvis evaluation criteria

A

greater trochanters are visible & in profile , the lesser trochanters should not be visible at all or only the tips

45
Q

AP axial outlet projection (taylor method) CR

A

males - 20-35 degrees cephalic
females - 30-45 degrees cephalic

46
Q

posterior oblique acetabulum (judet method) clinical indications

A

acetabulum fractures & pelvic ring fractures

47
Q

posterior oblique acetabulum (judet method) CR for pelvic ring

A

perpendicular 2’’ inferior from the ASIS and 2” medial to upside ASIS

48
Q

ilium posterior inferior part ends in the

A

greater sciatic notch

49
Q

ischium consists of

A

body & ischial ramus

50
Q

ischium body forms what of acetabulum

A

posterior 2/5 of acetabulum

51
Q

the pubis consists of

A

body, superior ramus, inferior ramus

52
Q

the pubis body forms what of acetabulum

A

1/5th of anterior acetabulum

53
Q

the obturator foramen is formed by what

A

junction of ischial ramus & pubis inferior ramus

54
Q

heavier, narrower, deeper
angle at pubic symphysis is acute
heart shaped inlet

A

male pelvis

55
Q

wider, shallower, lighter
angle at pubic symphysis is obtuse
more oval or wide inlet

A

female pelvis

56
Q

which palpable landmark is at the same level as the pubic symphysis

A

greater trochanter

57
Q

the weakest part in the pelvis is the

A

symphysis pubis

58
Q

CR angulation and direction for AP axial inlet

A

40 degrees caudal to level of the ASIS

59
Q

striking sclerosis of the bones of the hand and wrist, generalized increased bone density of the lower spine, pelvis, and hips

A

osteopetrosis

60
Q

when looking for congenital hip dislocation what projection is the most commonly performed

A

the bilateral modified cleaves

61
Q

hip dislocations caused by conditions present at birth, causes repeated dislocations

A

hip dysplasia also called developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)

62
Q

bilateral symmetric obliteration of the sacroiliac joints by way of fusing together, works it’s way up the spine also called “bamboo spine” , most common in males

A

ankylosing spondylitis

63
Q

also called DJD (degenerative joint disease) sclerotic bone formation in the acetabulum is seen, most common type of arthritis and considered normal aging

A

osteoarthritis of the hip

64
Q

aseptic or ischemic necrosis , first presents as a lip mostly in 5-10 year old boys. the head of the femur becomes flat, then fragments

A

legg- calve- perthes disease

65
Q

the most common type of primary bone cancer , looks like punched out bone, lytic lesions of lucency

A

multiple myeloma

66
Q

intertrochanteric fractures happen between

A

the greater & lesser trochanter along the ridge

67
Q

resembles cotton wool on a radiograph, it is from an overproduction of bone that is very dense but also pliable

A

paget’s disease

68
Q

joint movement type of the symphysis pubis

A

ampharthrodial

69
Q

how much is the affected side rotated for the PA axial oblique projection (teufel method)

A

35-40 degrees

70
Q

what projection is best suited for the patient with limited movement of both lower limbs to demonstrate a lateral perspective of the proximal femur

A

clements - nakayama method

71
Q

SI joint are classified as what type of mobility

A

amphiarthrodial

72
Q

hip joints are classified as

A

diarthrodial

73
Q

which pathology usually occurs in 10 to 16 year old patients during rapid growth

A

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

74
Q

where is the CR directed for the PA oblique projection - judet method for acetabulum with affected side down

A

perpendicular and centered 2 inches distal and 2 inches medial to downside ASIS

75
Q

where is the CR directed for the PA axial oblique projection - teufel method for the acetabulum with the affected side down

A

perpendicular and centered 1 inch superior to the level of the greater trochanter , approximately 2 inches lateral to the MSP, CR angled 12 degree cephalad

76
Q

what topographic landmark is most frequently used for positioning the pelvis

A

ASIS

positioning (7 decks)

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