lumbar review

Question 1

which of the following planes is perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline of the grid for a lateral lumbar spine

Answer 1

midcoronal plane

Question 2

to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine , the patient angle is

Answer 2

45 degrees

Question 3

which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine

Answer 3

joints closer to the IR

Question 4

where is the CR centered for a AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine

Answer 4

2” medial to the elevated ASIS

Question 5

which vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve

Answer 5

thoracic & sacrum and coccyx

Question 6

the central ray angle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is

Answer 6

15 degrees cephalad

Question 7

where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum

Answer 7

2” superior to the pubic symphysis

Question 8

where is the central ray positioned for a lateral sacrum

Answer 8

at the level of the ASIS and 3.5” posterior

Question 9

how many vertebrae are normally found in the lumbar spine

Answer 9

5

Question 10

what process is found on the superior articulating process of the lumbar spine

Answer 10

mamillary process

Question 11

the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine form an angle of how many degrees from the midsagittal plane

Answer 11

30-50

Question 12

the intervertebral foramina of the superior four lumbar vertebra are situated how many degrees from the midsagittal plane

Answer 12

90 degrees

Question 13

which position demonstrates the intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine

Answer 13

lateral

Question 14

what structure does not have to be seen on a lateral projection of the sacrum

Answer 14

4th lumbar vertebrae
* include - sacral promontory, proximal coccyx, lumbosacral junction

Question 15

equal visualization of the transverse processes indicates

Answer 15

an AP free of rotation

Question 16

What can be done to reduce the scatter from the patient on a lateral sacrum and /or coccyx from reaching the film

Answer 16

close collimation & lead mat

Question 17

what two structures form the lumbosacral junction

Answer 17

L5 & S1

Question 18

The coccyx is larger at its

Answer 18

base

Question 19

in order to demonstrate open right zygapophyseal joints of the L1 - L4 , how should the patient be positioned

Answer 19

RPO or LAO @ 45 degrees

Question 20

what is the central ray location for an AP lumbar spine

Answer 20

at the level of the iliac crest - midsagittal plane

Question 21

the lumbar curvature is

Answer 21

second compensatory & convex

Question 22

the part of the lamina between the superior articulating process and inferior articulating process is called the

Answer 22

para interarticularis

Question 23

the lower costal margin sits at

Answer 23

L2-L3

Question 24

the xiphoid tip sits at

Answer 24

T9-T10

Question 25

the symphysis pubis lines up with

Answer 25

the greater trochanter

Question 26

lumbar spinous processes are

Answer 26

larger & more blunt than cervical & thoracic

Question 27

formed by fusion of five sacral segments into curved bone

Answer 27

sacrum

Question 28

formed by fusion of 3-5 rudimentary vertebrae

Answer 28

coccyx

Question 29

IVF joints

Answer 29

cartilaginous & amphiarthrodial

Question 30

Z joint classification

Answer 30

synovial & diarthrodial - plane & gliding

Question 31

L1 - L2 zygapophyseal joints open at what rotation

Answer 31

50 degrees

Question 32

L3-L4 zygapophyseal joints open at what rotation

Answer 32

45 degrees

Question 33

L5-S1 zygapophyseal joints open at what rotation

Answer 33

35 degrees

Question 34

thoracic zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated

Answer 34

70 oblique (upside, LPO or RPO)

Question 35

thoracic intervertebral foramina are demonstrated

Answer 35

lateral projection

Question 36

lumbar intervertebral foramina are demonstrated

Answer 36

lateral projection

Question 37

lateral L spine demonstrates

Answer 37

intervertebral foramina

Question 38

the scotty dog ear is the

Answer 38

superior articular process

Question 39

the scotty dog nose is the

Answer 39

transverse process

Question 40

the eye of the scotty dog represents the

Answer 40

pedicle

Question 41

the leg of the scotty dog is the

Answer 41

inferior articular process

Question 42

the neck of the scotty dog represents the

Answer 42

pars interarticularis

Question 43

what projection demonstrates most of the the lumbar vertebrae zygapophyseal joints

Answer 43

oblique projections

Question 44

name for the AP axial SI joints

Answer 44

ferguson method

Question 45

typical scoliosis examination may include

Answer 45

PA (or AP) upright PA (or AP) upright with lateral bending lateral upright (with or without bending) PA (or AP) recumbent

Question 46

begins with SI joints with fusion, then works it’s way up the spine, becoming completely rigid aka bamboo spine

Answer 46

ankylosing spondylitis

Question 47

hypertrophic spurring , intervertebral disk space narrowing & reactive sclerosis linear lucent collections overlying several intervertebral disks

Answer 47

degenerative disk disease

Question 48

anterior slippage, forward movement of vertebra, break in pars

Answer 48

spondylolisthesis

Question 49

a defect in the pars interarticularis, which appears as a fracture through the neck of the scotty dog, dissolving or lack of development of the vertebral arch & separation of the pars

Answer 49

spondylolysis

Question 50

congenital condition in which the posterior aspects of the vertebrae fail to develop which leads to an exposed spinal cord

Answer 50

spina bifida

Question 51

aka seatbelt fracture , results from hyperflexion force that causes a fracture through the vertebral body and posterior elements like the spinous processes

Answer 51

chance fracture

Question 52

injecting contrast into the spinal cord with post imaging in CT or MRI

Answer 52

myelography

Question 53

L-5 has the largest body, but a shorter smaller

Answer 53

spinous process than the other lumbar vertebrae

Question 54

the bulging ridge on the anterior side of the proximal sacrum is called the

Answer 54

sacral promontory

Question 55

what does flexing the knees do

Answer 55

places lumbar spine closer to IR & comfort for patient

Question 56

for AP oblique positions the rotation is

Answer 56

25-30 degrees from supine position

Question 57

RPO demonstrates which SI joint

Answer 57

left

Question 58

RAO demonstrates which SI joint

Answer 58

right

Question 59

in LUMBAR spine to see the left downside Z joint ,, what position is used

Answer 59

LPO - 45

Question 60

in LUMBAR spine to see the right upside Z joint ,, what position is used

Answer 60

LAO - 45 degrees

Question 61

RPO lumbar spine demonstrates what Z joint

Answer 61

right downside