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positioning > lumbar review > Flashcards

lumbar review Flashcards

1
Q

which of the following planes is perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline of the grid for a lateral lumbar spine

A

midcoronal plane

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2
Q

to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine , the patient angle is

A

45 degrees

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3
Q

which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine

A

joints closer to the IR

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4
Q

where is the CR centered for a AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine

A

2” medial to the elevated ASIS

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5
Q

which vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve

A

thoracic & sacrum and coccyx

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6
Q

the central ray angle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is

A

15 degrees cephalad

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7
Q

where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum

A

2” superior to the pubic symphysis

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8
Q

where is the central ray positioned for a lateral sacrum

A

at the level of the ASIS and 3.5” posterior

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9
Q

how many vertebrae are normally found in the lumbar spine

A

5

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10
Q

what process is found on the superior articulating process of the lumbar spine

A

mamillary process

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11
Q

the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine form an angle of how many degrees from the midsagittal plane

A

30-50

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12
Q

the intervertebral foramina of the superior four lumbar vertebra are situated how many degrees from the midsagittal plane

A

90 degrees

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13
Q

which position demonstrates the intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine

A

lateral

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14
Q

what structure does not have to be seen on a lateral projection of the sacrum

A

4th lumbar vertebrae
* include - sacral promontory, proximal coccyx, lumbosacral junction

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15
Q

equal visualization of the transverse processes indicates

A

an AP free of rotation

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16
Q

What can be done to reduce the scatter from the patient on a lateral sacrum and /or coccyx from reaching the film

A

close collimation & lead mat

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17
Q

what two structures form the lumbosacral junction

A

L5 & S1

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18
Q

The coccyx is larger at its

A

base

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19
Q

in order to demonstrate open right zygapophyseal joints of the L1 - L4 , how should the patient be positioned

A

RPO or LAO @ 45 degrees

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20
Q

what is the central ray location for an AP lumbar spine

A

at the level of the iliac crest - midsagittal plane

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21
Q

the lumbar curvature is

A

second compensatory & convex

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22
Q

the part of the lamina between the superior articulating process and inferior articulating process is called the

A

para interarticularis

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23
Q

the lower costal margin sits at

A

L2-L3

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24
Q

the xiphoid tip sits at

A

T9-T10

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25
Q

the symphysis pubis lines up with

A

the greater trochanter

26
Q

lumbar spinous processes are

A

larger & more blunt than cervical & thoracic

27
Q

formed by fusion of five sacral segments into curved bone

A

sacrum

28
Q

formed by fusion of 3-5 rudimentary vertebrae

A

coccyx

29
Q

IVF joints

A

cartilaginous & amphiarthrodial

30
Q

Z joint classification

A

synovial & diarthrodial - plane & gliding

31
Q

L1 - L2 zygapophyseal joints open at what rotation

A

50 degrees

32
Q

L3-L4 zygapophyseal joints open at what rotation

A

45 degrees

33
Q

L5-S1 zygapophyseal joints open at what rotation

A

35 degrees

34
Q

thoracic zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated

A

70 oblique (upside, LPO or RPO)

35
Q

thoracic intervertebral foramina are demonstrated

A

lateral projection

36
Q

lumbar intervertebral foramina are demonstrated

A

lateral projection

37
Q

lateral L spine demonstrates

A

intervertebral foramina

38
Q

the scotty dog ear is the

A

superior articular process

39
Q

the scotty dog nose is the

A

transverse process

40
Q

the eye of the scotty dog represents the

A

pedicle

41
Q

the leg of the scotty dog is the

A

inferior articular process

42
Q

the neck of the scotty dog represents the

A

pars interarticularis

43
Q

what projection demonstrates most of the the lumbar vertebrae zygapophyseal joints

A

oblique projections

44
Q

name for the AP axial SI joints

A

ferguson method

45
Q

typical scoliosis examination may include

A

PA (or AP) upright
PA (or AP) upright with lateral bending
lateral upright (with or without bending)
PA (or AP) recumbent

46
Q

begins with SI joints with fusion, then works it’s way up the spine, becoming completely rigid aka bamboo spine

A

ankylosing spondylitis

47
Q

hypertrophic spurring , intervertebral disk space narrowing & reactive sclerosis
linear lucent collections overlying several intervertebral disks

A

degenerative disk disease

48
Q

anterior slippage, forward movement of vertebra, break in pars

A

spondylolisthesis

49
Q

a defect in the pars interarticularis, which appears as a fracture through the neck of the scotty dog, dissolving or lack of development of the vertebral arch & separation of the pars

A

spondylolysis

50
Q

congenital condition in which the posterior aspects of the vertebrae fail to develop which leads to an exposed spinal cord

A

spina bifida

51
Q

aka seatbelt fracture , results from hyperflexion force that causes a fracture through the vertebral body and posterior elements like the spinous processes

A

chance fracture

52
Q

injecting contrast into the spinal cord with post imaging in CT or MRI

A

myelography

53
Q

L-5 has the largest body, but a shorter smaller

A

spinous process than the other lumbar vertebrae

54
Q

the bulging ridge on the anterior side of the proximal sacrum is called the

A

sacral promontory

55
Q

what does flexing the knees do

A

places lumbar spine closer to IR & comfort for patient

56
Q

for AP oblique positions the rotation is

A

25-30 degrees from supine position

57
Q

RPO demonstrates which SI joint

A

left

58
Q

RAO demonstrates which SI joint

A

right

59
Q

in LUMBAR spine to see the left downside Z joint ,, what position is used

A

LPO - 45

60
Q

in LUMBAR spine to see the right upside Z joint ,, what position is used

A

LAO - 45 degrees

61
Q

RPO lumbar spine demonstrates what Z joint

A

right downside

positioning (7 decks)

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