lower leg & knee review

Question 1

which of the lower leg bones is on the medial side

Answer 1

tibia

Question 2

which of the lower leg bones is on the lateral side

Answer 2

fibula

Question 3

which tibial condyle articulates with the head of the fibula

Answer 3

lateral

Question 4

what is the prominent process on the anterior surface of the tibia just below the condyles

Answer 4

tibial tuberosity

Question 5

pathology associated with the tibial tuberosity

Answer 5

oschgood - schlatter disease (10-15 yr old boys)

Question 6

what is the projection off the head of the fibula named ?

Answer 6

apex

Question 7

the distal end of the femur consists of 2 large condyles , which is larger in size

Answer 7

medial condyle

Question 8

anteriorly, what separates the femoral condyles

Answer 8

patellar surface

Question 9

posteriorly, what separates the femoral condyles

Answer 9

intercondylar fossa

Question 10

the largest bone in the body

Answer 10

the femur

Question 11

on the posterior femur, what is the surface superior to the intercondylar surface named

Answer 11

popliteal surface

Question 12

what type of bone is the patella

Answer 12

sesamoid

Question 13

is the Apex of the patella directed inferior or superior

Answer 13

inferior

Question 14

how is the patella attached to the tibia

Answer 14

patellar tendon

Question 15

what is the name of the cup shaped socket that receives a head of the femur on the hip bone

Answer 15

acetabulum

Question 16

what is the prominent ridge between the trochanters on the posterior surface of the body named?

Answer 16

intertrochanteric crest

Question 17

what are the two common sites of fractures in the elderly on the femur

Answer 17

neck & intertrochanteric crest

Question 18

what is the weight bearing bone of the lower leg

Answer 18

tibia

Question 19

a small triangular depression located on the tibia that helps form the distal tibiofibular joint is called?

Answer 19

fibular notch

Question 20

the articular facets of the proximal tibia are also referred to as what

Answer 20

tibial plateau

Question 21

the most proximal aspect of the fibula is the

Answer 21

apex

Question 22

the extreme distal end of the fibula forms the

Answer 22

lateral malleolus

Question 23

why must the central ray be angled 5 - 7 degrees cephalad for a lateral knee position

Answer 23

so the medial & lateral condyles stack

Question 24

the two palpable bony landmarks found on the distal femur

Answer 24

medial & lateral epicondyles

Question 25

joint between the patella and distal femur

Answer 25

patellafemoral

Question 26

joint between the two condyles of the femur and tibia

Answer 26

femoraltibial

Question 27

which AP oblique rotation of the knee best visualizes the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head and neck of the fibula

Answer 27

medial

Question 28

to include both joints for a lateral projection of the tibia and fibula for an adult, the technologist may place the IR___ in relation to the part

Answer 28

diagonally

Question 29

what is the recommended central ray angulation for an AP projection of the knee for a patient with thick thighs and buttocks (greater than 24 cm)

Answer 29

3-5 degrees cephalad

Question 30

where is the central ray centered for an AP projection of the knee

Answer 30

1/2’’ distal to apex of patella

Question 31

which basic projection of the knee best demonstrates the proximal fibula free of superimposition

Answer 31

AP oblique - 45 degrees medial rotation

Question 32

how much flexion is recommended for a lateral projection of the knee

Answer 32

20 - 30 degrees

Question 33

what is the recommended central ray placement for a lateral position on a tall, slender male patient with a narrow pelvis

Answer 33

5 degrees cephalad

Question 34

the medial malleolus is on the

Answer 34

tibia

Question 35

the lateral epicondyle is on the

Answer 35

distal femur

Question 36

the patellar surface is on

Answer 36

the distal femur

Question 37

the articular facets are located on the

Answer 37

tibia

Question 38

the fibular notch is on the

Answer 38

tibia

Question 39

the styloid process is on the

Answer 39

fibula

Question 40

the base refers to the

Answer 40

patella

Question 41

the intercondyloid eminence is on the

Answer 41

tibia

Question 42

the neck is on the

Answer 42

fibula

Question 43

on the lateral leg the articular facets make a ___ slope posteriorly

Answer 43

10-20 degree

Question 44

rough prominence located on the mid anterior surface of the tibia just distal to the condyles

Answer 44

tibial tuberosity

Question 45

the tibial tuberosity is also an attachment point for the

Answer 45

patellar tendon

Question 46

lateral aspect of the distal tibia is a triangular notch called the

Answer 46

fibular notch

Question 47

under rotation in a lateral leg shows

Answer 47

the adductor tubercle

Question 48

slightly raised area that is present on the posterolateral aspect of the medial condyle

Answer 48

adductor tubercle

Question 49

anterior surface of the patella is

Answer 49

convex and rough

Question 50

inner surface of the patella is

Answer 50

smooth & oval shape

Question 51

lateral and medial , prevent adduction and abduction movements

Answer 51

collateral ligaments

Question 52

stabilize the knee by preventing anterior or posterior movement within the joint

Answer 52

cruciate ligaments

Question 53

knee is considered what type of joint

Answer 53

bicondylar

Question 54

femorotibial joint

Answer 54

bicondylar - offers flexion , extension, some gliding & rotation movements

Question 55

patellofemoral joint

Answer 55

saddle or sellar - due to shape and relationship of patella to the anterior distal femur

Question 56

proximal tibiofibular joint

Answer 56

plane or gliding , between lateral condyle and head of fibula

Question 57

distal tibiofibular joint

Answer 57

fibrous , syndesmosis type , amohiarthrodial

Question 58

CR AP knee

Answer 58

1/2’’ distal to apex of the knee

Question 59

AP knee angle for less than 19 cm

Answer 59

5 degrees caudad

Question 60

AP knee for 19-24 cm (average)

Answer 60

0 degree angle

Question 61

AP knee more than 24 cm

Answer 61

5 degrees cephalad

Question 62

lateral knee CR angle

Answer 62

5-7 degrees cephalad

Question 63

what is used for cartilage deformities

Answer 63

AP weight bearing bilateral knees

Question 64

axial PA weight bearing rosenberg CR

Answer 64

10 caudal at level of 1/2’’ below the apex of the patella

Question 65

tunnel views

Answer 65

camp coventry, holmblad, beclere

Question 66

to view potential fracture in tibial plateau

Answer 66

rosenberg

Question 67

tangential patella views

Answer 67

merchants , settegast, hughston , inferosuperior (sunrise) , hobbs modification

Question 68

what type of CR angle is required for a PA axial projection, holmblad variation with the patient prone , of the intercondylar fossa

Answer 68

0 degree angle

Question 69

another name for degenerative joint disease is

Answer 69

osteoarthritis

Question 70

most common type of primary cancer in the bone is

Answer 70

multiple myeloma

Question 71

raising the tube to 48’’ for a lower leg will accomplish what

Answer 71

include more of the part & reduce divergence of the beam

Question 72

malignant tumors of the cartilage normally in long bones and pelvis of older bone , tiny calcifications are seen within the tumor

Answer 72

chondrosarcoma

Question 73

benign bone lesion that is a consolidated overgrowth of the bone , usually grows away from the joint and parallel to the bone

Answer 73

osteochondroma aka exostosis

Question 74

also called osteosarcomas highly malignant primary bone tumor typically occurs in childhood up to early 20s typically occurs and long bones first classic first sign is a lesion that looks like a Sunburst causes gross destruction of bone

Answer 74

osteogenic sarcoma