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positioning > lower leg & knee review > Flashcards

lower leg & knee review Flashcards

1
Q

which of the lower leg bones is on the medial side

A

tibia

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2
Q

which of the lower leg bones is on the lateral side

A

fibula

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3
Q

which tibial condyle articulates with the head of the fibula

A

lateral

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4
Q

what is the prominent process on the anterior surface of the tibia just below the condyles

A

tibial tuberosity

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5
Q

pathology associated with the tibial tuberosity

A

oschgood - schlatter disease (10-15 yr old boys)

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6
Q

what is the projection off the head of the fibula named ?

A

apex

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7
Q

the distal end of the femur consists of 2 large condyles , which is larger in size

A

medial condyle

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8
Q

anteriorly, what separates the femoral condyles

A

patellar surface

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9
Q

posteriorly, what separates the femoral condyles

A

intercondylar fossa

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10
Q

the largest bone in the body

A

the femur

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11
Q

on the posterior femur, what is the surface superior to the intercondylar surface named

A

popliteal surface

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12
Q

what type of bone is the patella

A

sesamoid

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13
Q

is the Apex of the patella directed inferior or superior

A

inferior

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14
Q

how is the patella attached to the tibia

A

patellar tendon

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15
Q

what is the name of the cup shaped socket that receives a head of the femur on the hip bone

A

acetabulum

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16
Q

what is the prominent ridge between the trochanters on the posterior surface of the body named?

A

intertrochanteric crest

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17
Q

what are the two common sites of fractures in the elderly on the femur

A

neck & intertrochanteric crest

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18
Q

what is the weight bearing bone of the lower leg

A

tibia

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19
Q

a small triangular depression located on the tibia that helps form the distal tibiofibular joint is called?

A

fibular notch

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20
Q

the articular facets of the proximal tibia are also referred to as what

A

tibial plateau

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21
Q

the most proximal aspect of the fibula is the

A

apex

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22
Q

the extreme distal end of the fibula forms the

A

lateral malleolus

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23
Q

why must the central ray be angled 5 - 7 degrees cephalad for a lateral knee position

A

so the medial & lateral condyles stack

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24
Q

the two palpable bony landmarks found on the distal femur

A

medial & lateral epicondyles

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25
Q

joint between the patella and distal femur

A

patellafemoral

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26
Q

joint between the two condyles of the femur and tibia

A

femoraltibial

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27
Q

which AP oblique rotation of the knee best visualizes the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head and neck of the fibula

A

medial

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28
Q

to include both joints for a lateral projection of the tibia and fibula for an adult, the technologist may place the IR___ in relation to the part

A

diagonally

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29
Q

what is the recommended central ray angulation for an AP projection of the knee for a patient with thick thighs and buttocks (greater than 24 cm)

A

3-5 degrees cephalad

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30
Q

where is the central ray centered for an AP projection of the knee

A

1/2’’ distal to apex of patella

31
Q

which basic projection of the knee best demonstrates the proximal fibula free of superimposition

A

AP oblique - 45 degrees medial rotation

32
Q

how much flexion is recommended for a lateral projection of the knee

A

20 - 30 degrees

33
Q

what is the recommended central ray placement for a lateral position on a tall, slender male patient with a narrow pelvis

A

5 degrees cephalad

34
Q

the medial malleolus is on the

A

tibia

35
Q

the lateral epicondyle is on the

A

distal femur

36
Q

the patellar surface is on

A

the distal femur

37
Q

the articular facets are located on the

A

tibia

38
Q

the fibular notch is on the

A

tibia

39
Q

the styloid process is on the

A

fibula

40
Q

the base refers to the

A

patella

41
Q

the intercondyloid eminence is on the

A

tibia

42
Q

the neck is on the

A

fibula

43
Q

on the lateral leg the articular facets make a ___ slope posteriorly

A

10-20 degree

44
Q

rough prominence located on the mid anterior surface of the tibia just distal to the condyles

A

tibial tuberosity

45
Q

the tibial tuberosity is also an attachment point for the

A

patellar tendon

46
Q

lateral aspect of the distal tibia is a triangular notch called the

A

fibular notch

47
Q

under rotation in a lateral leg shows

A

the adductor tubercle

48
Q

slightly raised area that is present on the posterolateral aspect of the medial condyle

A

adductor tubercle

49
Q

anterior surface of the patella is

A

convex and rough

50
Q

inner surface of the patella is

A

smooth & oval shape

51
Q

lateral and medial , prevent adduction and abduction movements

A

collateral ligaments

52
Q

stabilize the knee by preventing anterior or posterior movement within the joint

A

cruciate ligaments

53
Q

knee is considered what type of joint

A

bicondylar

54
Q

femorotibial joint

A

bicondylar - offers flexion , extension, some gliding & rotation movements

55
Q

patellofemoral joint

A

saddle or sellar - due to shape and relationship of patella to the anterior distal femur

56
Q

proximal tibiofibular joint

A

plane or gliding , between lateral condyle and head of fibula

57
Q

distal tibiofibular joint

A

fibrous , syndesmosis type , amohiarthrodial

58
Q

CR AP knee

A

1/2’’ distal to apex of the knee

59
Q

AP knee angle for less than 19 cm

A

5 degrees caudad

60
Q

AP knee for 19-24 cm (average)

A

0 degree angle

61
Q

AP knee more than 24 cm

A

5 degrees cephalad

62
Q

lateral knee CR angle

A

5-7 degrees cephalad

63
Q

what is used for cartilage deformities

A

AP weight bearing bilateral knees

64
Q

axial PA weight bearing rosenberg CR

A

10 caudal at level of 1/2’’ below the apex of the patella

65
Q

tunnel views

A

camp coventry, holmblad, beclere

66
Q

to view potential fracture in tibial plateau

A

rosenberg

67
Q

tangential patella views

A

merchants , settegast, hughston , inferosuperior (sunrise) , hobbs modification

68
Q

what type of CR angle is required for a PA axial projection, holmblad variation with the patient prone , of the intercondylar fossa

A

0 degree angle

69
Q

another name for degenerative joint disease is

A

osteoarthritis

70
Q

most common type of primary cancer in the bone is

A

multiple myeloma

71
Q

raising the tube to 48’’ for a lower leg will accomplish what

A

include more of the part & reduce divergence of the beam

72
Q

malignant tumors of the cartilage normally in long bones and pelvis of older bone , tiny calcifications are seen within the tumor

A

chondrosarcoma

73
Q

benign bone lesion that is a consolidated overgrowth of the bone , usually grows away from the joint and parallel to the bone

A

osteochondroma aka exostosis

74
Q

also called osteosarcomas highly malignant primary bone tumor typically occurs in childhood up to early 20s typically occurs and long bones first classic first sign is a lesion that looks like a Sunburst causes gross destruction of bone

A

osteogenic sarcoma

positioning (7 decks)

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