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positioning > C & T spine > Flashcards

C & T spine Flashcards

1
Q

the tapered end of the solid spinal cord is termed

A

conus medullaris

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2
Q

the soft semigelatinous inner part of the intervertebral disk is termed

A

nucleus pulposus

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3
Q

the articulations between C1 and the occipital condyles of the skull are termed

A

occipitoatlantal joint

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4
Q

the intervertebral joints are classified as

A

amphiarthrodial

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5
Q

a comminuted fracture of the anterior & posterior arches of C1 is termed

A

jefferson fracture

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6
Q

a lumbar rib is an example of an

A

transitional vertebra

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7
Q

what additional measure can be taken if the patient cannot depress the shoulders adequately for the cervicothoracic (swimmers) lateral projection

A

angle the CR 3-5 degrees caudad

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8
Q

which spinal curvature is characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature

A

scoliosis

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9
Q

the zygapophyseal joints are classified as

A

diarthrodial

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10
Q

a fracture that extends through the pedicles of C2 with or without subluxation of C2 on C3 is termed

A

hangman’s fracture

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11
Q

a fracture that involves the dens and can extend into the lateral masses or arches of C1 is termed

A

odontoid fracture

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12
Q

which condition or disease is best demonstrated with the scoliosis series

A

scheuermann disease

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13
Q

what type of CR angle is used for the AP axial projection of the cervical spine

A

15 - 20 degree cephalad

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14
Q

what type of CR angle is used for the anterior oblique projection of the cervical spine

A

15 - 20 degree caudad

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15
Q

what type of CR angle is used for the swimmers lateral of the cervical spine when the patient is able to reach their upside arm lower than their downside arm

A

no angle, perpendicular CR , enter at T1 (1 inch above the jugular notch)

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16
Q

what type of CR angle is used for the PA projection (Judd method) for C1-C2 of the cervical spine

A

no angle , perpendicular CR parallel to MML, through mid occipital bone (about 1 inch inferoposterior to angle of mandible)

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17
Q

what type of CR angle is used for the AP projection (Fuchs method) for C1-C2 of the cervical spine

A

no angle, perpendicular CR parallel to MML directed to inferior tip of mandible

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18
Q

what is the benefit of utilizing a breathing technique for the lateral position of the thoracic spine

A

to blur unwanted rib & lung markings overlying thoracic vertebra

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19
Q

what type of CR angle is used for the hyper flexion & hyper extension positions of the cervical spine

A

no angle, horizontal to C4

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20
Q

what is found between the superior & inferior articular processes

A

zyapophyseal joints

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21
Q

the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection

A

lateral

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22
Q

the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the midsagittal plane

A

90 degrees

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23
Q

a typical vertebra is composed of what?

A

body & vertebral arch

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24
Q

which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles

A

transverse process

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25
Q

the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection

A

lateral

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26
Q

the short thick processes that project posteriorly on each side of a vertebral body are called the

A

pedicles

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27
Q

spinal nerves and blood vessels exit the spinal column through the

A

intervertebral foramina

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28
Q

where should the center of the IR be positioned for the open mouth AP projection of the atlas & axis

A

second cervical vertebra

29
Q

T1,T11,T12 have what

A

demi facets

30
Q

outer aspect of the intervertebral disk

A

annulus fibrosis

31
Q

other name for C1

A

atlas

32
Q

axis refers to

A

C2

33
Q

vertebra prominens refers to

A

C7

34
Q

3 features that make the cervical vertebrae unique

A

bifid tip
transverse foramina
overlapping bodies

35
Q

modified body of C2 is called,

A

dens or odontiod

36
Q

what is the unique feature of all thoracic vertebrae that distinguishes them from other vertebrae

A

facets for rib articulations & demi facets

37
Q

the recommended SID for a lateral projection of the cervical spine

A

72” SID , to reduce OID

38
Q

the lateral projection of the cervical spine should be taken on ___, why?

A

expiration, to depress the shoulders & view C7

39
Q

which region of the spine must be demonstrated with a cervicothoracic (swimmers lateral) projection

A

C5 - T3

40
Q

which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated in a right anterior oblique (RAO) projection of the cervical spine?

A

right downside

41
Q

the type of curve for the cervical spine

A

concave, lordosis

42
Q

the type of curve for the thoracic spine

A

convex, kyphotic , primary

43
Q

what line must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP open mouth atlas & axis

A

midsagittal plane

44
Q

where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine

A

C4

45
Q

where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine

A

T7

46
Q

as a child what is the total number is vertebral bones? adult?

A

33, 26

47
Q

the first compensatory curve

A

cervical curve

48
Q

abnormal convexity of the thoracic spine “hunchback”

A

kyphosis

49
Q

disease/condition that combines kyphosis & scoliosis

A

scheurmans disease

50
Q

condition that when the soft nucleus protrudes through the outer fibrosis layer, it presses on the spinal cord and causes pain and numbness that run into the limbs

A

herniated nucleus pulpous (HNP)

51
Q

what is the dens held in place by

A

transverse atlantal ligament

52
Q

each facet or demi facet articulates with the head of a rib to form the

A

costovertebral joints

53
Q

the first 10 thoracic vertebrae have facets on the transverse process that articulate with the tubercles of ribs

A

costotransverse joints

54
Q

thoracic zygapophyseal joints are seen

A

at an angle of 70 - 75 from the MSP

55
Q

breathing technique for a lateral T spine

A

25 mA, 2 secs

56
Q

good for trauma imaging of the spine such as fractures , subluxations, HNP,tumors and pathology conditions. teardrop fracture

A

CT

57
Q

good for demonstrating soft tissue structures associated with the spine such as disks, ligaments, and spinal cord itself

A

MRI

58
Q

demonstrates physiologic processes that affect bone, looks for hot spots with tumors, mets, bone infections & pagets

A

nuclear medicine

59
Q

fracture which results from hyperflexion of the neck resulting in avulsion fractures of the spinous processes C6-T1

A

clay shovelers

60
Q

cervical RPO looks at

A

left upside IVF

61
Q

cervical RAO looks at

A

right downside IVF

62
Q

anterior oblique projections are preferred due to

A

reduced thyroid dose

63
Q

posterior obliques look at the IVF and pedicles on the side

A

farther from the IR

64
Q

hyperflexion & hyperextension projections are also know as

A

a functional study to demonstrate anteroposterior mobility

65
Q

other names for the odontoid/dens method

A

AP (Fuchs) & PA (Judd)

66
Q

ottonello method is also known as

A

wagging jaw AP C spine

67
Q

T spine 70 degree oblique LPO looks at

A

upside zygapophyseal joint

68
Q

T spine 70 degree oblique RAO looks at

A

downside zygapophyseal joint

positioning (7 decks)

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