C & T spine Flashcards by Sunnie Roderique

the tapered end of the solid spinal cord is termed

conus medullaris

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the soft semigelatinous inner part of the intervertebral disk is termed

nucleus pulposus

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the articulations between C1 and the occipital condyles of the skull are termed

occipitoatlantal joint

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the intervertebral joints are classified as

amphiarthrodial

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a comminuted fracture of the anterior & posterior arches of C1 is termed

jefferson fracture

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a lumbar rib is an example of an

transitional vertebra

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what additional measure can be taken if the patient cannot depress the shoulders adequately for the cervicothoracic (swimmers) lateral projection

angle the CR 3-5 degrees caudad

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which spinal curvature is characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature

scoliosis

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the zygapophyseal joints are classified as

diarthrodial

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a fracture that extends through the pedicles of C2 with or without subluxation of C2 on C3 is termed

hangman’s fracture

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a fracture that involves the dens and can extend into the lateral masses or arches of C1 is termed

odontoid fracture

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which condition or disease is best demonstrated with the scoliosis series

scheuermann disease

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what type of CR angle is used for the AP axial projection of the cervical spine

15 - 20 degree cephalad

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what type of CR angle is used for the anterior oblique projection of the cervical spine

15 - 20 degree caudad

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what type of CR angle is used for the swimmers lateral of the cervical spine when the patient is able to reach their upside arm lower than their downside arm

no angle, perpendicular CR , enter at T1 (1 inch above the jugular notch)

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what type of CR angle is used for the PA projection (Judd method) for C1-C2 of the cervical spine

no angle , perpendicular CR parallel to MML, through mid occipital bone (about 1 inch inferoposterior to angle of mandible)

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what type of CR angle is used for the AP projection (Fuchs method) for C1-C2 of the cervical spine

no angle, perpendicular CR parallel to MML directed to inferior tip of mandible

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what is the benefit of utilizing a breathing technique for the lateral position of the thoracic spine

to blur unwanted rib & lung markings overlying thoracic vertebra

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what type of CR angle is used for the hyper flexion & hyper extension positions of the cervical spine

no angle, horizontal to C4

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what is found between the superior & inferior articular processes

zyapophyseal joints

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the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection

lateral

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the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the midsagittal plane

90 degrees

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a typical vertebra is composed of what?

body & vertebral arch

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which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles

transverse process

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the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection

lateral

the short thick processes that project posteriorly on each side of a vertebral body are called the

pedicles

spinal nerves and blood vessels exit the spinal column through the

intervertebral foramina

where should the center of the IR be positioned for the open mouth AP projection of the atlas & axis

second cervical vertebra

T1,T11,T12 have what

demi facets

outer aspect of the intervertebral disk

annulus fibrosis

other name for C1

atlas

axis refers to

vertebra prominens refers to

3 features that make the cervical vertebrae unique

bifid tip transverse foramina overlapping bodies

modified body of C2 is called,

dens or odontiod

what is the unique feature of all thoracic vertebrae that distinguishes them from other vertebrae

facets for rib articulations & demi facets

the recommended SID for a lateral projection of the cervical spine

72” SID , to reduce OID

the lateral projection of the cervical spine should be taken on ___, why?

expiration, to depress the shoulders & view C7

which region of the spine must be demonstrated with a cervicothoracic (swimmers lateral) projection

C5 - T3

which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated in a right anterior oblique (RAO) projection of the cervical spine?

right downside

the type of curve for the cervical spine

concave, lordosis

the type of curve for the thoracic spine

convex, kyphotic , primary

what line must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP open mouth atlas & axis

midsagittal plane

where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine

where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine

as a child what is the total number is vertebral bones? adult?

33, 26

the first compensatory curve

cervical curve

abnormal convexity of the thoracic spine “hunchback”

kyphosis

disease/condition that combines kyphosis & scoliosis

scheurmans disease

condition that when the soft nucleus protrudes through the outer fibrosis layer, it presses on the spinal cord and causes pain and numbness that run into the limbs

herniated nucleus pulpous (HNP)

what is the dens held in place by

transverse atlantal ligament

each facet or demi facet articulates with the head of a rib to form the

costovertebral joints

the first 10 thoracic vertebrae have facets on the transverse process that articulate with the tubercles of ribs

costotransverse joints

thoracic zygapophyseal joints are seen

at an angle of 70 - 75 from the MSP

breathing technique for a lateral T spine

25 mA, 2 secs

good for trauma imaging of the spine such as fractures , subluxations, HNP,tumors and pathology conditions. *teardrop fracture*

good for demonstrating soft tissue structures associated with the spine such as disks, ligaments, and spinal cord itself

MRI

demonstrates physiologic processes that affect bone, looks for hot spots with tumors, mets, bone infections & pagets

nuclear medicine

fracture which results from hyperflexion of the neck resulting in avulsion fractures of the spinous processes C6-T1

clay shovelers

cervical RPO looks at

left upside IVF

cervical RAO looks at

right downside IVF

anterior oblique projections are preferred due to

reduced thyroid dose

posterior obliques look at the IVF and pedicles on the side

farther from the IR

hyperflexion & hyperextension projections are also know as

a functional study to demonstrate anteroposterior mobility

other names for the odontoid/dens method

AP (Fuchs) & PA (Judd)

ottonello method is also known as

wagging jaw AP C spine

T spine 70 degree oblique LPO looks at

upside zygapophyseal joint

T spine 70 degree oblique RAO looks at

downside zygapophyseal joint