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positioning > final review > Flashcards

final review Flashcards

1
Q

the two fat stripes of the wrist demonstrated radiographically are known as the

A

scaphoid stripe & the pronator stripe

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2
Q

CR placement for a PA projection of the third digit

A

at the proximal interphalangeal joint

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3
Q

fiberglass cast

A

increase kvp 3-4

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4
Q

how many bones make up carpal region

A

8

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5
Q

the interphalangeal joints have a ___ type of joint movement

A

ginglymus

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6
Q

the radiocarpal (wrist) joint has a ___ type of joint movement

A

ellipsoidal

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7
Q

most commonly fractured carpal bone

A

scaphoid

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8
Q

which carpal articulates with both the fourth & fifth metacarpals

A

hamate

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9
Q

carpals in proximal row from lateral to medial

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform

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10
Q

metacarpal type of bone

A

long

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11
Q

how many bones make up phalanges of the hand

A

14

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12
Q

for an AP projection of the thumb the CR should be directed to

A

the MCP joint

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13
Q

the second MCP joint has a ___ type joint movement

A

ellipsoidal

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14
Q

T/F: in a PA oblique of the wrist the carpals will be superimposed

A

true

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15
Q

which carpal articulates with the radius

A

scaphoid

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16
Q

mixed area of sclerotic and cortical thickening along with radiolucent lesions

A

osteoporosis

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17
Q

Soft tissue swelling and loss of fat pad detail visibility

A

osteomyelitis

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18
Q

Narrowing of joint space with periosteal growths on the joint margins

A

 osteoarthritis

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19
Q

Most common type of primary malignant tumor occurring in bone

A

multiple myeloma

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20
Q

CR placement for an AP projection (modified roberts method) of the thumb is at the

A

first carpometacarpal joint (CMC)

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21
Q

an ellipsoidal joint allows movement in__ directions

A

4

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22
Q

which projection best demonstrates pathology involving the first carpometacarpal joint

A

AP thumb, modified roberts method

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23
Q

Total amount of bones that make up the hand and wrist

A

27

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24
Q

on a PA hand the thumb naturally rests at what position

A

oblique

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25
Q

what view would best demonstrate early onset of rheumatoid arthritis in the second through fifth proximal interphalange and MCP joints

A

Nogaard method

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26
Q

What method would best diagnose tearing or sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament also known as skiers thumb

A

Folio method

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27
Q

fracture and dislocation of the posterior lip of the distal radius

A

Bartons fracture

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28
Q

T/F: narrowing of the joint space with periosteal growths on joint margins is defined as osteoarthritis and is best seen on AP and lateral views

A

true

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29
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome is best diagnosed with what view

A

Gaynor hart method 

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30
Q

what is not recommended for a PA projection due to OID

A

thumb

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31
Q

For lateral projection of the hand the CR is directed to

A

Second MCP

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32
Q

patient enters ED with a Smith fracture what region of the upper limb must be radiographed to demonstrate this injury

A

wrist and forearm

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33
Q

A patient enters the ED with a possible Bennets fracture what routine should be performed to the confirm the diagnosis

A

thumb

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34
Q

A patient arrives in radiology with a metal foreign body in the palm of the hand what routine should be performed to confirm location of foreign body

A

PA and lateral with fingers extended projections

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35
Q

The first portion of the small intestine is

A

deodenum

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36
Q

what is the name of the double fold of the peritoneum that extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to portions of the liver

A

lesser omentum 

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37
Q

The abdomen can be divided into how many regions

A

9

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38
Q

extends from the sigmoid colon to the anal cavity

A

rectum

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39
Q

the xiphoid process corresponds with what vertebral level

A

T9-T10

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40
Q

What organ stores old red blood cells

A

spleen

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41
Q

The iliac crest is at the level of which vertebrae

A

L4-L5

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42
Q

The appendix is in which quadrant

A

RLQ

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43
Q

thick folds of the peritoneum that help hold abdominal organs in place

A

mesentery

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44
Q

largest gland in the body

A

liver

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45
Q

T/F: the cecum is part of the large intestine just after the ileum

A

true

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46
Q

two hormones are secreted by the pancreas

A

insulin and glucagon

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47
Q

primary function of the liver

A

produce bile

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48
Q

 The liver gallbladder and hepatic flexure are in which quadrant

A

RUQ

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49
Q

The digital imaging range of KVP used on an adult abdominal film

A

80-85

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50
Q

KUB stands for

A

kidneys ureter and bladder

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51
Q

centering point for an AP upright abdomen

A

2 inches above iliac crest

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52
Q

serious membrane that lines the abdomen pelvic wall is called

A

 peritoneum

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53
Q

The condition of free air in the abdominal cavity is called what

A

pneumoperitoneum

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54
Q

The telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop is called

A

intussusception

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55
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is called

A

ascites

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56
Q

the falciform ligament separates the right and left lobes of the

A

liver

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57
Q

a patient presents with a possible umbilical hernia and the KUB results were inconclusive, what projection can be done to help confirm diagnosis

A

dorsal decubitus

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58
Q

Best mechanism to control involuntary patient motion is

A

lower time

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59
Q

Which region of the abdomen contains the spleen

A

left hypochondriac

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60
Q

part of the infraperitoneum

A

ovaries

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61
Q

what would secrete digestive enzymes

A

exocrine

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62
Q

NOT an accessory organs of digestion

A

spleen

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63
Q

what 2 positions usually make up the abdomen/obstruction series

A

supine abdomen & upright abdomen

64
Q

best modality to diagnose gallstones

A

ultrasound

65
Q

the junction of the small & large intestine

A

ileocecal valve

66
Q

a patient has free air in the intra abdominal cavity rises to the level of the _____ in a patient that is erect

A

diaphragm

67
Q

a patient is in severe pain and cannot stand what positioning routine should be done to diagnose free air in abdomen 

A

supine & left lateral decub

68
Q

correct term for the seventh cervical vertebrae is

A

vertebral prominens

69
Q

lobes of the lung are separated by what

A

fissures

70
Q

what part of the pleura adheres to the inner surface of the lungs

A

visceral

71
Q

why are the shoulders pressed down toward the IR for a PA projection of the chest?

A

to reduce chest rotation

72
Q

sudden blockage of an artery in the lung is called

A

pulmonary emboli

73
Q

what is the most effective way to remove the scapulae from the lung field

A

roll the shoulders forward

74
Q

name of special immobilization device used for pediatric chest studies

A

pigg o stat

75
Q

area of each lung where the bronchi & blood vessels enter and leave is called the

A

hilum

76
Q

the trachea bifurcates and forms the

A

right and left bronchi

77
Q

extreme outter most lower corner of each lung

A

costophrenic angle

78
Q

best kV level & distance for an adult chest

A

115 kV, 72 inches SID

79
Q

if looking for air in the right pleural cavity what position should you use if patient cannot stand

A

left lateral decub

80
Q

CR for PA chest & plane

A

midsagittal, T7

81
Q

NOT considered a mediastinal structure

A

epiglottis

82
Q

the asthenic body type makes up ___% of population

A

10

83
Q

where does air exchange occur in the lungs

A

alveoli

84
Q

common passageway that serves for both food & air

A

pharynx

85
Q

lower concave area of the lung

A

base

86
Q

2 body parts most common for topographic landmarks for chest positioning

A

vertebra prominences & jugular notch

87
Q

trachea extends from C6 to approx.

A

T5

88
Q

“adam’s apple” is formally referred to as

A

laryngeal prominens

89
Q

what separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal

A

the diaphragm

90
Q

a radiograph of an AP lordotic projection shows that the clavicles are projected within the apices, needing a repeat, the patient complains of being too unsteady to lean back what other options are there to complete this exam

A

perform AP semiaxial projection

91
Q

a PA chest radiograph shows that the left sternoclavicular joint is superimposed over the spine (in comparison with the right) what specific positioning error occurred

A

rotation into LAO position

92
Q

what pathology would possibly require a PA chest radiograph be take with both inspiration & expiration

A

pneumothorax

93
Q

caused by deposits of black coal dust, form of occupational lung disease

A

anthracosis

94
Q

most common benign pulmonary mass, found in the peripheral regions of the lung

A

harmartoma

95
Q

irreversible dilation or widening of bronchi that may result from repeated pulmonary infections or obstructions

A

bronchiectasis

96
Q

Condition or partial or complete collapse of the long occurs as a result of a blowout of the Bronchus being obstructed may cause a shift in the trachea our heart to the affected side

A

atelectasis

97
Q

abnormal accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

A

empyema

98
Q

abnormal accumulation of blood in pleural cavity

A

hemothorax

99
Q

inflammation caused by a virus or bacteria in the pleura surroundings of the lungs

A

pleurisy

100
Q

caused by food or foreign body becoming lodged in the lung

A

aspiration pneumonia

101
Q

accumulation of air in the pleural space that causes partial or complete collapse of the lung

A

pneumothorax

102
Q

most common inherited lung disease, heavy mucus causes progressive “clogging” of bronchi & bronchioles

A

cystic fibrosis

103
Q

condition of shortness of breath

A

dyspnea

104
Q

irreversible & chronic lung disease caused by smoking and long term dust inhalation ; shows as increased lung dimensions on radiographs

A

emphysema

105
Q

life threatening condition of soft tissue edema & swelling, most common in young children

A

epiglottis

106
Q

condition of excess fluid within the lungs & most commonly associated with congestive heart failure or coronary heart disease

A

pulmonary edema

107
Q

what view should be performed to confirm a fracture of the coronoid process

A

coyle method with 80 degree flexion & CR 45 degrees away from the shoulder

108
Q

what degree of flexion best suits the coyle method for radial head fractures

A

90 degrees

109
Q

the larger of the humeral epicondyles is

A

the medial epicondyle

110
Q

what routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head free of superimposition

A

AP oblique with lateral rotation

111
Q

a patient has their elbow flexed greater than 90 degrees and cannot extend the arm, what views should be performed to confirm diagnosis

A

acute flexion series / limited lateral

112
Q

a fluid filled joint cavity indicates

A

joint effusion

113
Q

most common type of benign bone tumor , usually occurs in people 10-20 yrs old, arise from the outer cortex with the tumor parallel to the bone point away from joint

A

osteochondroma

114
Q

a radiograph of the elbow demonstrates the radius directly superimposed over the ulna and the coracoid process in profile, what projection of the elbow has been done

A

medial oblique rotation

115
Q

what is considered a routine exam of the forearm?

A

AP & lateral

116
Q

position of hand for and AP medial rotation oblique elbow

A

pronated

117
Q

bony landmarks for positioning of the elbow

A

humeral epicondyles

118
Q

which view of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile

A

lateral

119
Q

what 2 structures primarily form the hinge like structure and moment of the elbow joint

A

trochlea & olecranon process

120
Q

ginglymus joint can be referred to as

A

hinge

121
Q

known as a degenerative joint disease & in non inflammatory & involves enlarged or overgrown bone formation

A

osteoarthritis

122
Q

what is located in the medial aspect of the distal radius

A

ulnar notch

123
Q

what structure is located medially on an AP elbow projection

A

trochlea

124
Q

local or generalized infection of bone or bone marrow

A

osteomyelitis

125
Q

which bone of the upper limb contains the coronoid process

A

ulna

126
Q

50% of the population has this body type

A

sthenic

127
Q

why is a left lateral chest preferred?

A

places heart closer to IR, reduced magnification

128
Q

the body movement for when you turn the bottom of the foot inward at ankle joint

A

inversion

129
Q

pleural effusion when blood leaks

A

hemothorax

130
Q

patient with dyspnea in ER , what exam is needed

A

PA & lateral chest

131
Q

NOT an accessory organ

A

stomach

132
Q

the stomach is in which quadrant

A

left upper

133
Q

misrepresentation of an objects size

A

distortion

134
Q

lateral oblique of elbow best shows

A

radial head free of superimposition & capitulum

135
Q

what forearm bone directly articulates with the humerus at the elbow joint

A

olecranon process of ions

136
Q

what part of the scapula articulates with the clavicle

A

acromion

137
Q

the lesser tubercle is best seen in profile on what image of the shoulder

A

internal rotation

138
Q

the most common exam to demonstrate osteoarthritis & rheumatoid arthritis

A

AP & lateral shoulder

139
Q

what projections are included in the trauma shoulder routine

A

AP (neutral) , transthoracic lateral, or PA oblique (scap Y lateral)

140
Q

the greater tubercle is best seen in profile on what image

A

external rotation

141
Q

a compression fracture of the articular surface of the posterolsteral aspect of the humeral head associated with anterior dislocation

A

hills sachs defect

142
Q

lawerence method is another name for what projection

A

axial shoulder

143
Q

condition results in a reduction in the quality of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue

A

osteoporosis

144
Q

to best demonstrate the hills sachs defect on the axial shoulder

A

use exaggerated external rotation with the thumb toward the IR

145
Q

SC & AC joints are classified as

A

plane

146
Q

traumatic injury to one or more of the muscles of she shoulder

A

rotator cuff tear

147
Q

most common type of proximal humerus injury

A

anterior dislocations

148
Q

injury of the anteroinferior aspect of the glenoid labrum

A
149
Q

coracoid sits on ____ of scapula

A

anterior surface

150
Q

upper border of the IR should be how far above the shoulders for PA & lat chest

A

11/2 - 2 inches

151
Q

the esophagus is ___ in relation to the trachea

A

posterior

152
Q

trochlea articulates with

A

proximal ulna

153
Q

an abdomen obstruction series includes

A

supine & erect

154
Q

movement of diaphragm for expiration

A

goes up

155
Q

movement of the diaphragm for inspiration

A

goes down

positioning (7 decks)

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