Pelvis & Gluteal Region

Question 1

What is the widened part of the iliac crest called?

Answer 1

Iliac tubercle

Question 2

Where is the pelvic floor muscles located?

Answer 2

on the floor of true/lesser pelvis

Question 3

What two openings are located in the pelvic floor muscles?

Answer 3

anus and urethra

Question 4

What are the boundaries of the pelvic floor?

Answer 4

Lateral wall: Obturator internis

Postero-lateral wall: Piriformis

Question 5

What innervates obturator internis?

Answer 5

Nerve to obturator internis

Question 6

Where is the attachment sites of obturator internis?

Answer 6

anterior surface of ilium, ischium, and obturator membrane

also on the greater trochanter via intertrochanteric fossa

Question 7

What action does the obturator interis create?

Answer 7

ER and the hip

Question 8

What is the attachment sites of piriformis?

Answer 8

anterior aspect of sacrum S2-S4
pass through the greater sciatic notch
on sacrotuberous ligament-greater trochanter via intertrochanteric fossa

Question 9

What innervates the piriformis?

Answer 9

anterior rami of sacral plexus S1, S2

Question 10

What action does piriformis create?

Answer 10

ER at the hip

Question 11

On the pelvic floor what two muscles are located?

Answer 11

Coccygeus and Levator Ani

Question 12

What are the attachment sites of coccygeus?

Answer 12

ischial spine
anterior/inferior sacrum
coccyx

Question 13

What innervates the coccygeus?

Answer 13

anterior rami of sacral plexus S4, S5

Question 14

What action does coccygeus create?

Answer 14

supports pelvic viscera, coccygeal flexion

Question 15

What are the three parts of Levator ani?

Answer 15

lateral- iliococcygeus
posterior- pubococcygeus
forming a sling around the orifices- puborectalis

Question 16

What innervates the 3 levator ani muscles?

Answer 16

Nerve to levator ani S$
Inferior anal nerve
Coccygeal plexus

Question 17

What action does levator ani create?

Answer 17

pelvic viscera

assist in bowel and bladder continence

Question 18

What innervates the external and urethra sphincters?

Answer 18

pudendal nerves S2, S3, S4

Question 19

What bundle of nerves are most important for bowel and bladder function?

Answer 19

Sacral plexus

Question 20

What are the three superficial gluteal muscles?

Answer 20

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

Question 21

What are the attachments of gluteus maximus?

Answer 21

posterior aspect of sacrum and coccyx
posterior aspect of iliac crest
on sacrotuberous ligament 
onto
iliotibial band (majority)
Gluteal tuberosity (minority)

Question 22

What innervates gluteus maximus?

Answer 22

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 23

What action does gluteus maximus create?

Answer 23

Extend hip

ER of hip

Question 24

What are the attachments of gluteus medius?

Answer 24

gluteal surface of ilium
posterior aspect of iliac crest
onto
greater trochanter of femur on the supero-lateral aspect

Question 25

What innervates the gluteus medius?

Answer 25

superior gluteal nerve

Question 26

What action does gluteus medius create?

Answer 26

When in hip extension (standing erect): Hip abduction IR hip

Question 27

What are the attachments of gluteus minimus?

Answer 27

gluteal surface of ilium onto greater trochanter of femur on supero-lateral aspect

Question 28

What innervates the gluteus minimus?

Answer 28

superior gluteal nerve

Question 29

What action does gluteus minimus create?

Answer 29

hip abduction | IR of hip

Question 30

What are the 6 deep gluteal muscles?

Answer 30

``` Piriformis Superior gemelus Obturator internus Inferior gemelus Quadratus femoris Obturator externus ```

Question 31

What are the attachment sites of quadratus femoris?

Answer 31

ischial tuberosity onto greater trochanter

Question 32

All gluteal muscles inferior to piriformis creates what action?

Answer 32

ER of hip

Question 33

What innervates superior gemelus?

Answer 33

nerve to obturator internus

Question 34

What innervates inferior gemelus?

Answer 34

nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 35

What two ligaments are found in the gluteal region?

Answer 35

sacrotuberous ligament | sacrospinous ligament

Question 36

What is the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle?

Answer 36

Nerve, artery, and vein all emerging superior to piriformis.

Question 37

Where does the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle head to?

Answer 37

gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Question 38

What is the inferior gluteal neurovascular bundle?

Answer 38

Nerve, artery, and vein all emerging inferior to piriformis

Question 39

Where does the inferior gluteal neurovascular bundle head to?

Answer 39

gluteus maximus

Question 40

What does the sciatic nerve split into? medially/laterally?

Answer 40

medial branch: tibial portion | lateral portion: cmmon fibular

Question 41

How does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve travel and innervate?

Answer 41

comes straight down and attaches to skin

Question 42

What is the pudendal neurovascular bundle?

Answer 42

nerve, artery, and vein that emerges inferior to piriformis and comes back in

Question 43

What are all the muscles inferior to Piriformis that ER the hip?

Answer 43

``` Superior gemellus obturator internus inferior gemellus obturator externus quadratus Femoris ```