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Anatomy 4 > Bony Landmarks of LE > Flashcards

Bony Landmarks of LE Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 fused bones that make up innominate bone and their orientation?

A

superiorly- ileium
anterior & inferior- publis
posterior & inferior- ischium

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2
Q

What is the concavity on the lateral aspect of the innominate?

A

Acetabulum

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3
Q

What articulates with the acetabulum?

A

convex of the femoral head

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4
Q

The articulating surface found superiorly of the acetabulum is lined with what sort of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

What is the articulating surface of the acetabulum called?

A

Lunate surface

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6
Q

What aspect of the lunate surface is the articular surface with hyaline cartilage?

A

superiorly

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the superior lunate surface?

A

increase congruency and reduce friction as it comes in contact with the femoral head

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8
Q

What shape is the superior lunate surface?

A

C- shaped

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9
Q

What is the non-articular, incomplete lunate surface, located much deeper called?

A

Acetabular fossa

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10
Q

What is the portion of the lunate surface that is incomplete called?

A

acetabular notch

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11
Q

What is in-situ in the acetabular notch which actually covers the acetabular notch?

A

transverse acetabular ligament

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12
Q

How does the artery to ligamentum teres (acetabular branch) perfuse the head of the femur?

A
  • enters under the transverse acetabular ligament
  • goes through the acetabular notch
  • articulates with the head of femur
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13
Q

What lining covers the obturator foramen? and what nerve pierces through it?

A

obturator membrane

obturator nerve

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14
Q

What ligament attaches to the ischial tuberosity of the Ischium?

A

Sacro-tubris ligament

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15
Q

What bundle of muscles originate on the ischial tuberosity of the Ischium?

A

hamstring

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16
Q

What ligament attaches to the ischial spine of the Ischium?

A

Sacro-spinous ligament

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17
Q

What do the greater and lesser sciatic notch close off to become?

A

greater and lesser sciatic foramen respectibly

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18
Q

What is the projection of bone, inferior-lateral to the obturator foramen called?

A

ischial ramus

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19
Q

What is located on the symphyseal surface of the pubis bone?

A

pubic symphysis

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20
Q

What is the superior angulation lateral from the public symphysis?

A

pubic crest

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21
Q

What is the apex/highest point of the pubic crest?

A

pubic tubercle

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22
Q

What is the projection of bone superior to the obturator foramen called?

A

superior pubic ramus

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23
Q

What is the projection of bone inferior to the obturator foramen called?

A

inferior pubic ramus

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24
Q

What is the line on the superior pubic ramus, where the pectinues muscle attaches?

A

pectineal line

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25
Q

What is the combination of Ischial ramus and the inferior pubic ramus become?

A

ischial-pubic ramus

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26
Q

What is most superior portion of the ilieum called?

A

iliac crest

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27
Q

What level is the iliac crest lined up to?

A

L4/L5

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28
Q

What is the widened thickened portion projecting from the middle of the iliac crest called?

A

iliac tubercle

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29
Q

What attaches to the iliac tubercle, origin point?

A

ilio-tibial band

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30
Q

What is the thick dense lateral portion of the fascia lata?

A

ilio-tibial band

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31
Q

What is the posterior auricular surface where iliolumbar ligaments attaches to on the ilium called?

A

iliac tuberosity

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32
Q

iliac crest anterior and superior projection?

A

ASIS

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33
Q

projection inferior and medial to the ASIS?

A

AIIS

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34
Q

What muscle originates at AIIS?

A

rectus femoris

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35
Q

iliac crest posterior and superior projection?

A

PSIS

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36
Q

What level is the PSIS at?

A

S2

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37
Q

What is the projection inferior to the PSIS?

A

PIIS

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38
Q

Where is the iliacus muscle and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve found?

A

iliac fossa

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39
Q

What is the articulating surface of the ilium with sacrum?

A

auricular

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40
Q

What muscles attach to the ilium’s glueteal line? which have strong/weak attachements?

A

gluteus minimus-strong
gluteus medus-strong
gluteus maximus-weak

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41
Q

What is the depression on top of the femur head called? ANT*

A

fovea capitis

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42
Q

what is accepted in the fovea capitis? ANT*

A

ligamentum teres

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43
Q

What is the large projection of bone laterally on the femur called? ANT*

A

greater trochanter

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44
Q

What is the small projection medially on the femur called? ANT*

A

lesser trochanter

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45
Q

What muscles attach to the femur’s lesser trochanter? ANT*

A

psoas major

iliacus

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46
Q

What is the slight rise in bone from the greater trochanter to lesser trochanter called? ANT*

A

intertrochanteric line

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47
Q

What attaches anteriorly on the intertrochanteric line? ANT*

A

joint capsule of the hip joint

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48
Q

What is the depression where the patella sits and glides called on the femur? ANT*

A

patellar surface

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49
Q

What is the patellar surface aka? ANT*

A

trochlea of femur

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50
Q

What is the large projection of bone between the two trochanters of the femur called? POS*

A

intertrochanteric crest

51
Q

What attaches POS* to the intertrochanteric crest?

A

joint capsule of the hip joint

52
Q

What is the lip to the greater trochanter of the femur called? POS*

A

intertrochanteric fossa

53
Q

What attaches to the intertrochanteric fossa?

A

lateral rotators of the hip

54
Q

What is the superior/lateral to linea apsera? POS*

A

gluteal tuberosity

55
Q

What muscles attach to the gluteal tuberosity? POS*

A

some of gluteus maximus fibers

56
Q

Along the POS* aspect of the femur shaft; medial and lateral lip is called?

A

Linea aspera

57
Q

What attaches to the linea aspera?

A

vastis medilais

vastis lateralis

58
Q

What line is medial and proximal to linea aspera? POS*

A

pectineal line of the femur

59
Q

Which condyle is longer of the femur?

A

Medial condyle is longer than the lateral condyle of the femur

60
Q

What sits ontop of the medial eipicondyle?

A

adductor tubercle

61
Q

What attaches to linea apsera as well as adductor tubercle?

A

adductor magnus

62
Q

What is the POS* surface behind the knee called?

A

Popliteal surface

63
Q

What is POS* aspect between the medial and lateral condyle called?

A

intercondylar notch

64
Q

What can be seen in the intercondylar notch?

A

ACL and PCL

65
Q

What is the medial large bone of the leg called?

A

Tibia

66
Q

What is the superio-anterior aspect where all four heads of quadriceps femoris attach to?

A

tibial tuberosity

67
Q

What is the disease when the skeletal system grows too fast for the muscles to keep up?

A

Osgood Schlatter

68
Q

Why does Osgood Schlatter disease cause tibial tuberosity to enlarge?

A

due to Wolff’s law

69
Q

What is the lateral portion to tibial tuberosity called?

A

Gerdy’s tubercle

70
Q

What attaches to the Gerdy’s tubercle?

A

IT Band - thickened portion of the fascia lata

71
Q

What are the attachments for IT Band?

A

iliac tubercle and Gerdy’s tubercle of the tibia

72
Q

What is the flattened area medial to tibial tuberosity called/

A

Pes anserinus

73
Q

What are the three muscles that attach to Pes anserinus? and it’s orientation?

A

most anterior- Sartorius
intermediately- Gracillis
Most posterior- Semitendinosous

74
Q

What is the large projection of bone along the inferio-medial aspect of the tibia?

A

Medial malleolus

75
Q

Where does fibula fit into the tibia?

A

Fibular notch

76
Q

Which is longer Medial/Lateral Tibial condyle?

A

medial condyle is longer

lateral condyle is shorter

77
Q

What is the space in between the two tibial condyles?

A

intercondylar eminence

78
Q

What sort of joint is the dense interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula?

A

syndesmosis joint

79
Q

What is the most superior aspect of the fibula called?

A

Apex

80
Q

What is the narrow portion of the fibula called?

A

neck then shaft

81
Q

What is the large projection of bone on the inferior aspect of the fibula?

A

lateral malleolus

82
Q

The most distal point of the lateral malleolus is oriented how?

A

is anterior and angulation with taper to posteriorly

83
Q

What does the lateral articular facet of fibula articulate with?

A

articulates with superior aspect of talus

84
Q

What articulates with the talus?

A

tibia and fibula

85
Q

What is the superior portion of the talus called?

A

dome/trochlea

86
Q

How are the two easily palpated part of talus described?

A

anterior portion of the dome is wider and tapers posteriorly

87
Q

What part of the talus is narrow?

A

neck

88
Q

What part of the talus is distal? and what does it articulate with?

A

Head

articulates with the navicular bone

89
Q

What bone articulates with talus inferior-posteriorly?

A

calcaneus

90
Q

What 2 bones make the “heel”?

A

Talus and calcaneus

91
Q

What is the flat area that forms a “shelf”, a groove for the tibial nerve and flexor halicus longus?

A

Sustentaculum tali

92
Q

What runs through Sustentaculum tali?

A

tibial nerve and flexor hallicus longus

93
Q

What origin attaches at the sustenaculum tali?

A

calcaneo-navicular ligament

spring ligament

94
Q

What are the two attachment point for plantar fascia/aponeurosis? which is the main attachment site?

A

Medial calcaneal tubercle (main attachment site)

Lateral calcaneal tubercle

95
Q

What is the attachment site for calcaneo-fibular ligament?

A

Fibular trochlea/tubercle

96
Q

What are the three articular surfaces on the calcaneus with the talus?

A

anterior
middle
posterior

97
Q

What is the purpose of the three articular surfaces in between the calcaneus and talus?

A

limits the amount of mobility in that sub-talar joint

98
Q

What is the apex of the navicular on the medial longitudinal arch called, it is anterior to the talus?

A

Navicular tubercle

99
Q

What does the Navicular tubercle articulate with?

A

head of the talus

100
Q

What inserts at the Navicular tubercle?

A

calcaneo-navicular ligament

speing ligament

101
Q

What does the spring ligament/calcaneo-navicular ligament of the navicular maintain?

A

medial longitudinal arch

102
Q

What is it called when the spring ligament/ calcaneo-navicular ligament is elongated, and the arch drops down?

A

pes planis aka flat foot

103
Q

What is it called when the spring ligament/ calcaneo-navicular ligament is shortened, and the arch is extremely high?

A

Pes cavis

104
Q

What is the test where you measure height during weight bearing vs not weight bearing called?

A

navicular drop test

105
Q

What is the cube shaped bone anterior to the calcaneus and lateral to the navicular?

A

Cuboid

106
Q

What is the indentation in the cuboid called?

A

Groove of cuboid

107
Q

What runs through the groove of cuboid?

A

fibularis longus

108
Q

What is the course of fibularis longus?

A

runs through the groove of cuboid, sweeps around the plantar surface, and attaches to the base of the 1dt metatarsal

109
Q

What bones are distal to the navicular and lateral to the cuboid?

A

cuneiforms

110
Q

What are the three cuneiforms called?

A

medial cuneiform
lateral cuneiform
middle cuneiform

111
Q

Which cuneiform is shortest and smallest?

A

middle cuneiform

112
Q

Which cuneiform is most posterior?

A

middle cuneiform

113
Q

What is the midline of the foot and why?

A

2nd metatarsal, its embedded in all three cuneiform there is least mobile, making it a pivot area

114
Q

What are the three parts of all metatarsals?

A

Head, shaft, base

115
Q

What is the large bony growth on the 5th metatarsal called?

A

tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

116
Q

What attaches to the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal?

A

fibularis brevis

117
Q

When you continue to sprain your ankle what is being affected and being enlarged due to wolfs law?

A

fibularis brevis

118
Q

Which cunieform do the metatarsals articulate with?

A

1st= mediall cuneiform
2nd= middle cuneiform and wedged inbwtn medial and lateral cuneifrom also
3rd=lateral cuneiform
4th&5th= cuboid bone

119
Q

How many phalanges are there in one feet?

A

14

120
Q

What are the three parts of a tarsal phalange?

A

head
shaft
base

121
Q

What is located on the plantar surface of the 1st metatartsal. Its embedded in the tendon of felxor halicus brevis?

A

sesamoid bones.

122
Q

What bones make up the hind foot?

A

calcaneus and talus

123
Q

What bones make up the mid foot?

A

cuneiform, navicular, and cuboid

124
Q

What bones make up the fore foot?

A

metatarsals and phalanges

Anatomy 4 (8 decks)

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