Bony Landmarks of LE Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 fused bones that make up innominate bone and their orientation?
A
superiorly- ileium
anterior & inferior- publis
posterior & inferior- ischium
2
Q
What is the concavity on the lateral aspect of the innominate?
A
Acetabulum
3
Q
What articulates with the acetabulum?
A
convex of the femoral head
4
Q
The articulating surface found superiorly of the acetabulum is lined with what sort of cartilage?
A
Hyaline cartilage
5
Q
What is the articulating surface of the acetabulum called?
A
Lunate surface
6
Q
What aspect of the lunate surface is the articular surface with hyaline cartilage?
A
superiorly
7
Q
What is the purpose of the superior lunate surface?
A
increase congruency and reduce friction as it comes in contact with the femoral head
8
Q
What shape is the superior lunate surface?
A
C- shaped
9
Q
What is the non-articular, incomplete lunate surface, located much deeper called?
A
Acetabular fossa
10
Q
What is the portion of the lunate surface that is incomplete called?
A
acetabular notch
11
Q
What is in-situ in the acetabular notch which actually covers the acetabular notch?
A
transverse acetabular ligament
12
Q
How does the artery to ligamentum teres (acetabular branch) perfuse the head of the femur?
A
- enters under the transverse acetabular ligament
- goes through the acetabular notch
- articulates with the head of femur
13
Q
What lining covers the obturator foramen? and what nerve pierces through it?
A
obturator membrane
obturator nerve
14
Q
What ligament attaches to the ischial tuberosity of the Ischium?
A
Sacro-tubris ligament
15
Q
What bundle of muscles originate on the ischial tuberosity of the Ischium?
A
hamstring
16
Q
What ligament attaches to the ischial spine of the Ischium?
A
Sacro-spinous ligament
17
Q
What do the greater and lesser sciatic notch close off to become?
A
greater and lesser sciatic foramen respectibly
18
Q
What is the projection of bone, inferior-lateral to the obturator foramen called?
A
ischial ramus
19
Q
What is located on the symphyseal surface of the pubis bone?
A
pubic symphysis
20
Q
What is the superior angulation lateral from the public symphysis?
A
pubic crest
21
Q
What is the apex/highest point of the pubic crest?
A
pubic tubercle
22
Q
What is the projection of bone superior to the obturator foramen called?
A
superior pubic ramus
23
Q
What is the projection of bone inferior to the obturator foramen called?
A
inferior pubic ramus
24
Q
What is the line on the superior pubic ramus, where the pectinues muscle attaches?
A
pectineal line
25
What is the combination of Ischial ramus and the inferior pubic ramus become?
ischial-pubic ramus
26
What is most superior portion of the ilieum called?
iliac crest
27
What level is the iliac crest lined up to?
L4/L5
28
What is the widened thickened portion projecting from the middle of the iliac crest called?
iliac tubercle
29
What attaches to the iliac tubercle, origin point?
ilio-tibial band
30
What is the thick dense lateral portion of the fascia lata?
ilio-tibial band
31
What is the posterior auricular surface where iliolumbar ligaments attaches to on the ilium called?
iliac tuberosity
32
iliac crest anterior and superior projection?
ASIS
33
projection inferior and medial to the ASIS?
AIIS
34
What muscle originates at AIIS?
rectus femoris
35
iliac crest posterior and superior projection?
PSIS
36
What level is the PSIS at?
S2
37
What is the projection inferior to the PSIS?
PIIS
38
Where is the iliacus muscle and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve found?
iliac fossa
39
What is the articulating surface of the ilium with sacrum?
auricular
40
What muscles attach to the ilium's glueteal line? which have strong/weak attachements?
gluteus minimus-strong
gluteus medus-strong
gluteus maximus-weak
41
What is the depression on top of the femur head called? ANT*
fovea capitis
42
what is accepted in the fovea capitis? ANT*
ligamentum teres
43
What is the large projection of bone laterally on the femur called? ANT*
greater trochanter
44
What is the small projection medially on the femur called? ANT*
lesser trochanter
45
What muscles attach to the femur's lesser trochanter? ANT*
psoas major
| iliacus
46
What is the slight rise in bone from the greater trochanter to lesser trochanter called? ANT*
intertrochanteric line
47
What attaches anteriorly on the intertrochanteric line? ANT*
joint capsule of the hip joint
48
What is the depression where the patella sits and glides called on the femur? ANT*
patellar surface
49
What is the patellar surface aka? ANT*
trochlea of femur
50
What is the large projection of bone between the two trochanters of the femur called? POS*
intertrochanteric crest
51
What attaches POS* to the intertrochanteric crest?
joint capsule of the hip joint
52
What is the lip to the greater trochanter of the femur called? POS*
intertrochanteric fossa
53
What attaches to the intertrochanteric fossa?
lateral rotators of the hip
54
What is the superior/lateral to linea apsera? POS*
gluteal tuberosity
55
What muscles attach to the gluteal tuberosity? POS*
some of gluteus maximus fibers
56
Along the POS* aspect of the femur shaft; medial and lateral lip is called?
Linea aspera
57
What attaches to the linea aspera?
vastis medilais
| vastis lateralis
58
What line is medial and proximal to linea aspera? POS*
pectineal line of the femur
59
Which condyle is longer of the femur?
Medial condyle is longer than the lateral condyle of the femur
60
What sits ontop of the medial eipicondyle?
adductor tubercle
61
What attaches to linea apsera as well as adductor tubercle?
adductor magnus
62
What is the POS* surface behind the knee called?
Popliteal surface
63
What is POS* aspect between the medial and lateral condyle called?
intercondylar notch
64
What can be seen in the intercondylar notch?
ACL and PCL
65
What is the medial large bone of the leg called?
Tibia
66
What is the superio-anterior aspect where all four heads of quadriceps femoris attach to?
tibial tuberosity
67
What is the disease when the skeletal system grows too fast for the muscles to keep up?
Osgood Schlatter
68
Why does Osgood Schlatter disease cause tibial tuberosity to enlarge?
due to Wolff's law
69
What is the lateral portion to tibial tuberosity called?
Gerdy's tubercle
70
What attaches to the Gerdy's tubercle?
IT Band - thickened portion of the fascia lata
71
What are the attachments for IT Band?
iliac tubercle and Gerdy's tubercle of the tibia
72
What is the flattened area medial to tibial tuberosity called/
Pes anserinus
73
What are the three muscles that attach to Pes anserinus? and it's orientation?
most anterior- Sartorius
intermediately- Gracillis
Most posterior- Semitendinosous
74
What is the large projection of bone along the inferio-medial aspect of the tibia?
Medial malleolus
75
Where does fibula fit into the tibia?
Fibular notch
76
Which is longer Medial/Lateral Tibial condyle?
medial condyle is longer
| lateral condyle is shorter
77
What is the space in between the two tibial condyles?
intercondylar eminence
78
What sort of joint is the dense interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula?
syndesmosis joint
79
What is the most superior aspect of the fibula called?
Apex
80
What is the narrow portion of the fibula called?
neck then shaft
81
What is the large projection of bone on the inferior aspect of the fibula?
lateral malleolus
82
The most distal point of the lateral malleolus is oriented how?
is anterior and angulation with taper to posteriorly
83
What does the lateral articular facet of fibula articulate with?
articulates with superior aspect of talus
84
What articulates with the talus?
tibia and fibula
85
What is the superior portion of the talus called?
dome/trochlea
86
How are the two easily palpated part of talus described?
anterior portion of the dome is wider and tapers posteriorly
87
What part of the talus is narrow?
neck
88
What part of the talus is distal? and what does it articulate with?
Head
| articulates with the navicular bone
89
What bone articulates with talus inferior-posteriorly?
calcaneus
90
What 2 bones make the "heel"?
Talus and calcaneus
91
What is the flat area that forms a "shelf", a groove for the tibial nerve and flexor halicus longus?
Sustentaculum tali
92
What runs through Sustentaculum tali?
tibial nerve and flexor hallicus longus
93
What origin attaches at the sustenaculum tali?
calcaneo-navicular ligament
| spring ligament
94
What are the two attachment point for plantar fascia/aponeurosis? which is the main attachment site?
Medial calcaneal tubercle (main attachment site)
| Lateral calcaneal tubercle
95
What is the attachment site for calcaneo-fibular ligament?
Fibular trochlea/tubercle
96
What are the three articular surfaces on the calcaneus with the talus?
anterior
middle
posterior
97
What is the purpose of the three articular surfaces in between the calcaneus and talus?
limits the amount of mobility in that sub-talar joint
98
What is the apex of the navicular on the medial longitudinal arch called, it is anterior to the talus?
Navicular tubercle
99
What does the Navicular tubercle articulate with?
head of the talus
100
What inserts at the Navicular tubercle?
calcaneo-navicular ligament
| speing ligament
101
What does the spring ligament/calcaneo-navicular ligament of the navicular maintain?
medial longitudinal arch
102
What is it called when the spring ligament/ calcaneo-navicular ligament is elongated, and the arch drops down?
pes planis aka flat foot
103
What is it called when the spring ligament/ calcaneo-navicular ligament is shortened, and the arch is extremely high?
Pes cavis
104
What is the test where you measure height during weight bearing vs not weight bearing called?
navicular drop test
105
What is the cube shaped bone anterior to the calcaneus and lateral to the navicular?
Cuboid
106
What is the indentation in the cuboid called?
Groove of cuboid
107
What runs through the groove of cuboid?
fibularis longus
108
What is the course of fibularis longus?
runs through the groove of cuboid, sweeps around the plantar surface, and attaches to the base of the 1dt metatarsal
109
What bones are distal to the navicular and lateral to the cuboid?
cuneiforms
110
What are the three cuneiforms called?
medial cuneiform
lateral cuneiform
middle cuneiform
111
Which cuneiform is shortest and smallest?
middle cuneiform
112
Which cuneiform is most posterior?
middle cuneiform
113
What is the midline of the foot and why?
2nd metatarsal, its embedded in all three cuneiform there is least mobile, making it a pivot area
114
What are the three parts of all metatarsals?
Head, shaft, base
115
What is the large bony growth on the 5th metatarsal called?
tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal
116
What attaches to the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal?
fibularis brevis
117
When you continue to sprain your ankle what is being affected and being enlarged due to wolfs law?
fibularis brevis
118
Which cunieform do the metatarsals articulate with?
1st= mediall cuneiform
2nd= middle cuneiform and wedged inbwtn medial and lateral cuneifrom also
3rd=lateral cuneiform
4th&5th= cuboid bone
119
How many phalanges are there in one feet?
14
120
What are the three parts of a tarsal phalange?
head
shaft
base
121
What is located on the plantar surface of the 1st metatartsal. Its embedded in the tendon of felxor halicus brevis?
sesamoid bones.
122
What bones make up the hind foot?
calcaneus and talus
123
What bones make up the mid foot?
cuneiform, navicular, and cuboid
124
What bones make up the fore foot?
metatarsals and phalanges
