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Anatomy 4 > Nerves of the LE > Flashcards

Nerves of the LE Flashcards

1
Q

What is the LE version of the Brachial Plexus called?

A

Lumbo-sacral plexus

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2
Q

What does the lumbo-sacral plexus span?

A

L2-S4

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3
Q

What are the segments of the lumbo-sacral plexus called?

A

roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal branches

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4
Q

What is muscle you need to peel over to see the lumbo-sacral plexus?

A

psoas major

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5
Q

What nerve from the LSP travels from behind the Psoas major into the anterior thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

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6
Q

What nerve roots make up the Femoral nerve?

A

L2, L3, L4

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7
Q

What does the Femoral nerve pass through to end up in the LE?

A

Passes under the inguinal ligament

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8
Q

What muscle is the femoral nerve sitting superficially to, in the anterior thigh?

A

iliopsoas

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9
Q

What is the region where the femoral nerve in it’s entirety called?

A

Femoral triangle

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10
Q

What make up the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

superiorly- inguinal ligament
lateral/inferiorly- sartorious
medially- Adductor longus muscle

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11
Q

What two muscles sit in the femoral triangle? what are their orientation?

A

Pectinous muscle medially

Ileopsoas muscle group laterally

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12
Q

What is the femoral nerves function?

A

innervate the entire anterior thigh except Tensor fascia lata TFL

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13
Q

What is the Tensor fascia lata’s function?

A

to tense the fascia lata, fascia of the entire thigh

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14
Q

What cutaneous branch does the femoral nerve give off?

A

Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve

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15
Q

What are the nerve roots of Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

L2 L3

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16
Q

What is the anterior femoral cutaneous nerves function?

A

innervate the anterior thigh in a low aspect distally to the femoral triangle

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17
Q

Where do genito-femoral and ileo-inguinal innervate?

A

Groin area also can be considered femoral triangle

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18
Q

What occurs to the femoral nerve at the level of the knee?

A

only one branch continues distally of the knee

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19
Q

What is the one branch of the femoral nerve that travels distal to the knee?

A

known as the Saphenous nerve

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20
Q

What are the nerve roots of saphenous nerve?

A

L3 L4

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21
Q

What sort of innervation does the saphenous nerve provide?

A

Supplies cutaneous nerve

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22
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior thigh that femoral nerve innervates? and which is the one muscle it doesn’t?

A

Does: sartorius, Quadriceps femoris, Iliacus, part of pectineus
Does not: Tensor fascia lata

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23
Q

What does the saphenous nerve travel along side with?

A

femoral artery and vein

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24
Q

What do the saphenous nerve, femoral artery and vein travel through and not pass through?

A

goes through the adductor canal

and not pass through the adductor hiatus

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25
Q

Saphenous nerve will provide with sensation where?

A

Inside of the knee joint
medial aspect of the leg (knee to the foot)
medial aspect of the foot

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26
Q

What is the medial portion of the foot known as and commonly known as?

A

medial longitudinal arch

commonly known as the in step

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27
Q

After the femoral nerve passes through the femoral triangle, how can you tell which is the saphenous nerve?

A

it’s the only one with travel in the same sheath as the femoral artery/vein also it sits on top of the pectonious muscle

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28
Q

What muscle is the saphenous nerve directly deep to?

A

Vastus medialus muscle

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29
Q

When the saphenous nerve, femoral artery, vein travel deep to the vastus medialus muscle, what region are they traveling through?

A

Adductor canal

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30
Q

What opening does the adductor canal lead to?

A

adductor hiatus

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31
Q

What is the adductor hiatus?

A

line of demarkation of the anterior thigh and posterior knee, located in gap of distal femur and adductor magnus muscle

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32
Q

What innervates the psoas major?

A

lumbar plexus

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33
Q

What innervates the iliacus?

A

femoral nerve

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34
Q

What nerve appears medial to the psoas major?

A

Obturator nerve

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35
Q

What roots does the Obturator nerve arise from?

A

L2, L3, L4

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36
Q

After the obturator nerve travels through the pelvis region what does it travel through?

A

obturator foramen of the obturator membrane

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37
Q

What is the obturator nerve’s function?

A

medial thigh innervation for motor and sensory, to produce hip adduction

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38
Q

What are all the muscles that obturator nerve innervates, also known as all the adduction muscles.

A 
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus (anterior head)
portion of the pectineus
obturator externis 
gracilis
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39
Q

What does the obturator nerve provide in the medial thigh before it terminates ?

A

cutaneous

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40
Q

What nerve sits on the iliacus?

A

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

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41
Q

what nerve root does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve arise from?

A

L2-L3

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42
Q

Where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve provide sensation to?

A

lateral aspect of the thigh

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43
Q

What will provide sensation to the medial, lateral, anterior thigh?

A

medial: obturator nerve
lateral: lateral femoral cutaneous
anterior: femoral nerve

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44
Q

What will provide sensation within the femoral triangle?

A

femoral branch of the genito-fermoral nerve

and ilioinguinal nerve

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45
Q

What other nerves besides the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve will provide some sensation to the lateral thigh?

A

subcostal and ilio-hypogastric nerves

to the Postero-lateral thigh

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46
Q

What nerves will supply sensation to the proximal anterior thigh close to the inguinal ligament?

A

ilioinguinal nerve

genitofemoral nerves

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47
Q

What nerve root does superior gluteal nerve arise from?

A

L4, L5, S1

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48
Q

What nerve root does inferior gluteal nerve arise from?

A

L5, S1, S2

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49
Q

Where does the superior gluteal nerve emerge through?

A

emerges through the greater sciatic foramen

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50
Q

What muscles does the superior gluteal nerve travel superior to?

A

piriformis muscle

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51
Q

What does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia lata

52
Q

What are the attachments for piriformis?

A

sacrum to intertrochanteric fossa through the greater sciatic notch

53
Q

Where does the inferior gluteal nerve emerge through?

A

through the greater sciatic foramen

54
Q

What muscle does the inferior gluteal nerve travel inferior to?

A

piriformis muscle

55
Q

What does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

gluteus maximus

56
Q

What nerve provides sensation to the gluteal region?

A

cluneal nerves

57
Q

What is the indentation between the ischeal spine and ileum called?

A

greater sciatic notch

58
Q

What is the indentation inferior the greater sciatic notch?

A

lesser sciatic notch

59
Q

What two ligaments close off the two sciatic notches?

A

sacro-spinous ligament: from sacrum to ischeal spine

sacro-tuberous ligament: sacrum to ischeal tuberosity

60
Q

What forms the greater sciatic foramen and lesser sciatic foramen?

A

the sacro-spinous/sacro-tuberous ligament closing off the greater/lesser sciatic notches

61
Q

As the piriformis muscle travels through the greater sciatic foramen what does it divide the foramen into?

A

an inferior and superior aspect to the foramen

62
Q

What is the subdivided region in the greater sciatic foramen known as?

A

infrapiriform

suprapiriform

63
Q

What nerve roots give rise to posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

from S1, S2, S3

64
Q

What does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve travel through?

A

greater sciatic foramen

65
Q

How is the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve oriented in the greater sciatic foramen?

A

inferior to the piriformis

66
Q

What is the function of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

supplies sensation to the posterior thigh

67
Q

What nerve roots make up Pudendal Nerve?

A

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, S4

68
Q

WHere does the Pudendal nerve emerge through and how is it oriented?

A

greater sciatic foramen infrapiriform

69
Q

How does the Pudendal nerve travel back into the pelvis?

A

via the lesser sciatic foramen

70
Q

What is the function of pudendal nerve?

A
  • innervates male and female genitialia

- voluntary control over external sphincters of the RECTUM and BLADDER

71
Q

What is the muscle for external sphincter control of the bladder called?

A

levator ani muscle

72
Q

What are the nerve roots for sciatic nerve?

A

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

73
Q

What is the largest nerve you will ever see?

A

sciatic nerve

74
Q

What are the two nerves that combine as the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

Common Fibular nerve

75
Q

What are the nerve roots for tibial nerve and common fibular nerve?

A

Tibial nerve: L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

Common Fibular Nerve: L4, L5, S1, S2

76
Q

What does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

nothing!!!

77
Q

What does the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

majority of the posterior thigh
Long head of the biceps femoris
semimembranosus
posterior head of adductor magnus

78
Q

What are the infrapiriform structures?

A

sciatic nerves
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
inferior gluteal nerve
pudendal nerve

79
Q

What is the suprapiriform structure?

A

superior gluteal nerve

80
Q

What is the more medial/lateral portions of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial portion of the sciatic is medial

Common Fibular portion of the sciatic is lateral

81
Q

What is innervated by the fibular portion of the sciatic nerve?

A

short head of biceps femoris

82
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve split into tibial and fibular portion?

A

popliteal fossa

83
Q

What makes the popliteal fossa?

A

Two heads of the gastrocnemius inferiorly
superiorlaterally-biceps femoris
superiormedially- semi-membronosous

84
Q

What aspect of the leg do you have muscles?

A

lateral
anterior
posterior

85
Q

what aspect of the thigh has muscles?

A

anterior
posterior
medial

86
Q

What compartment of the leg is the tibial nerve innervating?

A

posterior aspect of the leg

87
Q

What bundle of muscles does the sciatic nerve travel deep to?

A

proximal aspect of the hamstring muscles

88
Q

What compartment of the leg does the common fibular nerve innervate?

A

lateral aspect of the leg

89
Q

What branch comes off the tibial nerve?

A

medial sural cutaneous nerve

90
Q

what branch comes off the common fibular nerve?

A

lateral sural cutaneous nerve

91
Q

What do both sural cutaneous nerve function as?

A

sensory nerve

92
Q

What does the medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerve converse as?

A

sural nerve

93
Q

Wher does medial, lateral sural cutaneous nerve, and sural nerve give sensation to?

A

medial sural cutaneous nerve: prox/medial of leg
lateral sural cutaneous nerve: prox/lateral of leg
sural nerve: distal posterior leg

94
Q

What aspect of the foot does the sural nerve innervate?

A

posterior / lateral aspect of the foot

95
Q

What structure does the Sural nerve travel lateral to?

A

lesser saphenous vein

96
Q

what structure does the sural nerve pass posterior to?

A

the lateral malleolus through fibular tunnel to enter the foot

97
Q

How does the sural nerve enter the foot?

A

via the fibular tunnel

98
Q

What two muscles does the tibial nerve travel deep to in the leg?

A

deep to gastrocnemius and soleus

99
Q

The tibial nerve will course posterior and superifical to what muscle and traveling with what other structures?

A

with posterior tibial artery and vein it travels superficial to posterior tibialis

100
Q

what muscles does the tibial nerve innervate?

A 
posterior compartment of the leg:
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
posterior tibialis
101
Q

In the posterior leg what are the three neurovascular structures?

A

tibial nerve
posterior tibial artery
posterior tibial vein

102
Q

How does the tibial nerve enter the foot?

A

passes posterior to the medial malleoulus via the tarsal tunnel

103
Q

What branch does the tibial nerve give off near the heal?

A

calcaneal branch to give sensation to the medial heel

104
Q

The main branch of the tibial nerve will split into what two branches in the foot?

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves

105
Q

what travels with the medial and lateral planter nerves?

A

medial and lateral plantar artery/veins

106
Q

What provides the motor and sensory info to the medial and lateral portion of plantar foot?

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves

107
Q

what medial portion of the calcaneous does the tibial nerve travel along AFTER giving off the calcaneal branches?

A

sustantabulum tali

108
Q

If numbness and tingling is felt at the heel what nerve is entrapped?

A

tibial nerve

109
Q

After the tibial nerve travels through the sustantabulum tali what happens?

A

it bifricates into the medial and lateral plantar nerves

110
Q

What does the common fibular nerve travel towards?

A

fibular head

111
Q

What provides sensation to the medial arch of the foot?

A

saphenous nerve

112
Q

What provides sensation to the lateral arch of the foot?

A

sural nerve

113
Q

What provides sensation to the medial bottom of the foot?

A

medial plantar nerve

114
Q

What provides sensation to the lateral bottom of the foot?

A

lateral plantar nerve

115
Q

What nerve innervates all the posterior aspect of the leg?

A

tibial nerve

116
Q

At what level does the common fibular nerve bifricate?

A

level of the fibular head

117
Q

At the level of the fibular head what does the common fibular nerve bifricate into?

A

superficial and deep fibular nerves

118
Q

What does superficial and deep fibular nerve travel deep to?

A

fibularis muscles

119
Q

What nerve does the fibular artery/vein travel along with?

A

superficial fibular nerve

120
Q

What aspect of the leg does the superficial fibular nerve travel along and innervate?

A

the lateral compartment of the leg

121
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg that superficial fibular nerve innervates?

A

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

122
Q

The superficial tibial nerve pierces through what muscle?

A

fibularis longus

123
Q

What does the superficial fibular nerve provide sensation to?

A
  • antero-lateral leg
  • dorsum of the foot except for webspace between digits 1 and 2
  • lateral foot
124
Q

What muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg does the deep fibular nerve innervate?

A

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius

125
Q

What travels along side the deep fibular nerve sitting on the tibialis anterior?

A

anterior tibial artery

anterior tibial vein

126
Q

What does the deep fibular nerve provide sensation to?

A

web space between the digits 1 and 2

127
Q

What do both superficial and deep fibular nerves dually innervate?

A

extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis

Anatomy 4 (8 decks)

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