Nerves of the LE Flashcards
1
Q
What is the LE version of the Brachial Plexus called?
A
Lumbo-sacral plexus
2
Q
What does the lumbo-sacral plexus span?
A
L2-S4
3
Q
What are the segments of the lumbo-sacral plexus called?
A
roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal branches
4
Q
What is muscle you need to peel over to see the lumbo-sacral plexus?
A
psoas major
5
Q
What nerve from the LSP travels from behind the Psoas major into the anterior thigh?
A
Femoral nerve
6
Q
What nerve roots make up the Femoral nerve?
A
L2, L3, L4
7
Q
What does the Femoral nerve pass through to end up in the LE?
A
Passes under the inguinal ligament
8
Q
What muscle is the femoral nerve sitting superficially to, in the anterior thigh?
A
iliopsoas
9
Q
What is the region where the femoral nerve in it’s entirety called?
A
Femoral triangle
10
Q
What make up the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
A
superiorly- inguinal ligament
lateral/inferiorly- sartorious
medially- Adductor longus muscle
11
Q
What two muscles sit in the femoral triangle? what are their orientation?
A
Pectinous muscle medially
Ileopsoas muscle group laterally
12
Q
What is the femoral nerves function?
A
innervate the entire anterior thigh except Tensor fascia lata TFL
13
Q
What is the Tensor fascia lata’s function?
A
to tense the fascia lata, fascia of the entire thigh
14
Q
What cutaneous branch does the femoral nerve give off?
A
Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve
15
Q
What are the nerve roots of Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve
A
L2 L3
16
Q
What is the anterior femoral cutaneous nerves function?
A
innervate the anterior thigh in a low aspect distally to the femoral triangle
17
Q
Where do genito-femoral and ileo-inguinal innervate?
A
Groin area also can be considered femoral triangle
18
Q
What occurs to the femoral nerve at the level of the knee?
A
only one branch continues distally of the knee
19
Q
What is the one branch of the femoral nerve that travels distal to the knee?
A
known as the Saphenous nerve
20
Q
What are the nerve roots of saphenous nerve?
A
L3 L4
21
Q
What sort of innervation does the saphenous nerve provide?
A
Supplies cutaneous nerve
22
Q
What are the muscles of the anterior thigh that femoral nerve innervates? and which is the one muscle it doesn’t?
A
Does: sartorius, Quadriceps femoris, Iliacus, part of pectineus
Does not: Tensor fascia lata
23
Q
What does the saphenous nerve travel along side with?
A
femoral artery and vein
24
Q
What do the saphenous nerve, femoral artery and vein travel through and not pass through?
A
goes through the adductor canal
and not pass through the adductor hiatus
25
Saphenous nerve will provide with sensation where?
Inside of the knee joint
medial aspect of the leg (knee to the foot)
medial aspect of the foot
26
What is the medial portion of the foot known as and commonly known as?
medial longitudinal arch
| commonly known as the in step
27
After the femoral nerve passes through the femoral triangle, how can you tell which is the saphenous nerve?
it's the only one with travel in the same sheath as the femoral artery/vein also it sits on top of the pectonious muscle
28
What muscle is the saphenous nerve directly deep to?
Vastus medialus muscle
29
When the saphenous nerve, femoral artery, vein travel deep to the vastus medialus muscle, what region are they traveling through?
Adductor canal
30
What opening does the adductor canal lead to?
adductor hiatus
31
What is the adductor hiatus?
line of demarkation of the anterior thigh and posterior knee, located in gap of distal femur and adductor magnus muscle
32
What innervates the psoas major?
lumbar plexus
33
What innervates the iliacus?
femoral nerve
34
What nerve appears medial to the psoas major?
Obturator nerve
35
What roots does the Obturator nerve arise from?
L2, L3, L4
36
After the obturator nerve travels through the pelvis region what does it travel through?
obturator foramen of the obturator membrane
37
What is the obturator nerve's function?
medial thigh innervation for motor and sensory, to produce hip adduction
38
What are all the muscles that obturator nerve innervates, also known as all the adduction muscles.
```
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus (anterior head)
portion of the pectineus
obturator externis
gracilis
```
39
What does the obturator nerve provide in the medial thigh before it terminates ?
cutaneous
40
What nerve sits on the iliacus?
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
41
what nerve root does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve arise from?
L2-L3
42
Where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve provide sensation to?
lateral aspect of the thigh
43
What will provide sensation to the medial, lateral, anterior thigh?
medial: obturator nerve
lateral: lateral femoral cutaneous
anterior: femoral nerve
44
What will provide sensation within the femoral triangle?
femoral branch of the genito-fermoral nerve
| and ilioinguinal nerve
45
What other nerves besides the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve will provide some sensation to the lateral thigh?
subcostal and ilio-hypogastric nerves
| to the Postero-lateral thigh
46
What nerves will supply sensation to the proximal anterior thigh close to the inguinal ligament?
ilioinguinal nerve
| genitofemoral nerves
47
What nerve root does superior gluteal nerve arise from?
L4, L5, S1
48
What nerve root does inferior gluteal nerve arise from?
L5, S1, S2
49
Where does the superior gluteal nerve emerge through?
emerges through the greater sciatic foramen
50
What muscles does the superior gluteal nerve travel superior to?
piriformis muscle
51
What does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia lata
52
What are the attachments for piriformis?
sacrum to intertrochanteric fossa through the greater sciatic notch
53
Where does the inferior gluteal nerve emerge through?
through the greater sciatic foramen
54
What muscle does the inferior gluteal nerve travel inferior to?
piriformis muscle
55
What does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?
gluteus maximus
56
What nerve provides sensation to the gluteal region?
cluneal nerves
57
What is the indentation between the ischeal spine and ileum called?
greater sciatic notch
58
What is the indentation inferior the greater sciatic notch?
lesser sciatic notch
59
What two ligaments close off the two sciatic notches?
sacro-spinous ligament: from sacrum to ischeal spine
| sacro-tuberous ligament: sacrum to ischeal tuberosity
60
What forms the greater sciatic foramen and lesser sciatic foramen?
the sacro-spinous/sacro-tuberous ligament closing off the greater/lesser sciatic notches
61
As the piriformis muscle travels through the greater sciatic foramen what does it divide the foramen into?
an inferior and superior aspect to the foramen
62
What is the subdivided region in the greater sciatic foramen known as?
infrapiriform
| suprapiriform
63
What nerve roots give rise to posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?
from S1, S2, S3
64
What does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve travel through?
greater sciatic foramen
65
How is the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve oriented in the greater sciatic foramen?
inferior to the piriformis
66
What is the function of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?
supplies sensation to the posterior thigh
67
What nerve roots make up Pudendal Nerve?
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, S4
68
WHere does the Pudendal nerve emerge through and how is it oriented?
greater sciatic foramen infrapiriform
69
How does the Pudendal nerve travel back into the pelvis?
via the lesser sciatic foramen
70
What is the function of pudendal nerve?
- innervates male and female genitialia
| - voluntary control over external sphincters of the RECTUM and BLADDER
71
What is the muscle for external sphincter control of the bladder called?
levator ani muscle
72
What are the nerve roots for sciatic nerve?
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
73
What is the largest nerve you will ever see?
sciatic nerve
74
What are the two nerves that combine as the sciatic nerve?
Tibial nerve
| Common Fibular nerve
75
What are the nerve roots for tibial nerve and common fibular nerve?
Tibial nerve: L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
| Common Fibular Nerve: L4, L5, S1, S2
76
What does the sciatic nerve innervate?
nothing!!!
77
What does the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve innervate?
majority of the posterior thigh
Long head of the biceps femoris
semimembranosus
posterior head of adductor magnus
78
What are the infrapiriform structures?
sciatic nerves
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
inferior gluteal nerve
pudendal nerve
79
What is the suprapiriform structure?
superior gluteal nerve
80
What is the more medial/lateral portions of the sciatic nerve?
Tibial portion of the sciatic is medial
| Common Fibular portion of the sciatic is lateral
81
What is innervated by the fibular portion of the sciatic nerve?
short head of biceps femoris
82
Where does the sciatic nerve split into tibial and fibular portion?
popliteal fossa
83
What makes the popliteal fossa?
Two heads of the gastrocnemius inferiorly
superiorlaterally-biceps femoris
superiormedially- semi-membronosous
84
What aspect of the leg do you have muscles?
lateral
anterior
posterior
85
what aspect of the thigh has muscles?
anterior
posterior
medial
86
What compartment of the leg is the tibial nerve innervating?
posterior aspect of the leg
87
What bundle of muscles does the sciatic nerve travel deep to?
proximal aspect of the hamstring muscles
88
What compartment of the leg does the common fibular nerve innervate?
lateral aspect of the leg
89
What branch comes off the tibial nerve?
medial sural cutaneous nerve
90
what branch comes off the common fibular nerve?
lateral sural cutaneous nerve
91
What do both sural cutaneous nerve function as?
sensory nerve
92
What does the medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerve converse as?
sural nerve
93
Wher does medial, lateral sural cutaneous nerve, and sural nerve give sensation to?
medial sural cutaneous nerve: prox/medial of leg
lateral sural cutaneous nerve: prox/lateral of leg
sural nerve: distal posterior leg
94
What aspect of the foot does the sural nerve innervate?
posterior / lateral aspect of the foot
95
What structure does the Sural nerve travel lateral to?
lesser saphenous vein
96
what structure does the sural nerve pass posterior to?
the lateral malleolus through fibular tunnel to enter the foot
97
How does the sural nerve enter the foot?
via the fibular tunnel
98
What two muscles does the tibial nerve travel deep to in the leg?
deep to gastrocnemius and soleus
99
The tibial nerve will course posterior and superifical to what muscle and traveling with what other structures?
with posterior tibial artery and vein it travels superficial to posterior tibialis
100
what muscles does the tibial nerve innervate?
```
posterior compartment of the leg:
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
posterior tibialis
```
101
In the posterior leg what are the three neurovascular structures?
tibial nerve
posterior tibial artery
posterior tibial vein
102
How does the tibial nerve enter the foot?
passes posterior to the medial malleoulus via the tarsal tunnel
103
What branch does the tibial nerve give off near the heal?
calcaneal branch to give sensation to the medial heel
104
The main branch of the tibial nerve will split into what two branches in the foot?
medial and lateral plantar nerves
105
what travels with the medial and lateral planter nerves?
medial and lateral plantar artery/veins
106
What provides the motor and sensory info to the medial and lateral portion of plantar foot?
medial and lateral plantar nerves
107
what medial portion of the calcaneous does the tibial nerve travel along AFTER giving off the calcaneal branches?
sustantabulum tali
108
If numbness and tingling is felt at the heel what nerve is entrapped?
tibial nerve
109
After the tibial nerve travels through the sustantabulum tali what happens?
it bifricates into the medial and lateral plantar nerves
110
What does the common fibular nerve travel towards?
fibular head
111
What provides sensation to the medial arch of the foot?
saphenous nerve
112
What provides sensation to the lateral arch of the foot?
sural nerve
113
What provides sensation to the medial bottom of the foot?
medial plantar nerve
114
What provides sensation to the lateral bottom of the foot?
lateral plantar nerve
115
What nerve innervates all the posterior aspect of the leg?
tibial nerve
116
At what level does the common fibular nerve bifricate?
level of the fibular head
117
At the level of the fibular head what does the common fibular nerve bifricate into?
superficial and deep fibular nerves
118
What does superficial and deep fibular nerve travel deep to?
fibularis muscles
119
What nerve does the fibular artery/vein travel along with?
superficial fibular nerve
120
What aspect of the leg does the superficial fibular nerve travel along and innervate?
the lateral compartment of the leg
121
What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg that superficial fibular nerve innervates?
fibularis longus
| fibularis brevis
122
The superficial tibial nerve pierces through what muscle?
fibularis longus
123
What does the superficial fibular nerve provide sensation to?
- antero-lateral leg
- dorsum of the foot except for webspace between digits 1 and 2
- lateral foot
124
What muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg does the deep fibular nerve innervate?
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius
125
What travels along side the deep fibular nerve sitting on the tibialis anterior?
anterior tibial artery
| anterior tibial vein
126
What does the deep fibular nerve provide sensation to?
web space between the digits 1 and 2
127
What do both superficial and deep fibular nerves dually innervate?
extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis
