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Anatomy > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvis function

A

Bears weight of upper body
Contains & protects pelvic organs
Support a domino pelvic organs
Attachment for erectile bodies of external genitalia

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2
Q

Pelvis 3 bones

A

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium

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3
Q

Pelvic inlet is made of

A

Arcuate and pectineal line

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4
Q

Greater pelvis aka and why

A

False pelvis because houses some abdominal organs

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5
Q

Variation of pelvis

Male vs females

A

Male: 90 or less subpubic angle. Sacrum taller and narrower
Female: 100 or more subpubic angle. Wider hips. Sacrum shorter, stockier and wider

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6
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Funnel shaped

Bounded by ligaments, bone, muscles

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7
Q

Perineum

A

Shallow compartment inferior to msuclar floor of pelvic cavity “pelvic diaphragm”
Transverse line between ischial tuberosities contains anal triangle and urogenital triangle

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8
Q

Urogenital triangle

A

“Closed” by perineal membrane
Attachment for erectile bodies of external genitalia, perineal muscles
Hiatus for urethra and vagina

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9
Q

Anal triangle

A 
“Open” no membrane
Anal canal and anus
Surrounded by ischio anal fat 
Ischiorectal fossa
External anal sphincter
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10
Q

Ischio-anal / ischiorectal fossa

A

Fat filled space on either side of anal canal
Contains pudendal canal
Houses external anal sphincter

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11
Q

Pudendal canal

A

Horizontal passageway within obturator fascia

Internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve, nerve to obturator internus

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12
Q

Perineal membrane

A

Anchors roots of external genitalia
Boundary between superficial and deep punch
Closes urogenital triangle

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13
Q

Perineal body

A

Central tendon of perineum
Convergence of muscles, collagenous and elastic fibers, and perineal membrane
Anchors perineum membrane and muscles

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14
Q

Perineal fascia

A

Subcutaneous perineal fascia

Deep perineal fascia

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15
Q

Subcutaneous perineal fascia consists of

A

Superficial fatty layer

Deep membranous layer (colle’s fascia)

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16
Q

Deep perineal fascia aka

A

Investing or Gallaudet fascia

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17
Q

Superficial fatty layer used to be what in abdomen

A

Camper’s fascia

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18
Q

Deep membranous layer / colle’s fascia used to be what in abdomen

A

Scarpa’s fascia

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19
Q

Superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous fascia
Urogenital triangle
Female

A

Labia Majorca and mons pubis (continuous with Camper’s fascia)

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20
Q

Superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous fascia
Urogenital triangle
Males

A

Nearly absent

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21
Q

Superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous fascia

Anal triangle

A

Continuous with ischio-anal fat pad in both sexes

Not in scrotum

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22
Q

Superficial membranous layer of subcutaneous fascia (Colle’s fascia)
Urogenital triangle
Females

A

Continuous with scarpas fascia

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23
Q

Superficial membranous layer of subcutaneous fascia (colle’s)
Urogenital triangle
Males

A

Continuous with Scarpa’s fascia in abdomen

Darto’s muscle/ fascia in penis and scrotum

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24
Q

Superficial membranous layer of subcutaneous fascia (colle’s)
Anal triangle

A

Does NOT extend into anal triangle
Attached to posterior perineal membrane and body
Fascia lata laterality

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25
Q

Deep membranous layer of perineal fascia (investing fascia)

A

Invests perineal muscles
Attached at ischiopubic rami laterally
Continuous with suspensory ligament of penis/clitoris anteriorly
Deep fascia of abdomen & buck’s fascia of penis

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26
Q

Superficial perineal pouch

A

Potential space

Perineal (Colle’s) fascia and perineal membrane

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27
Q

Deep perineal pouch

A

Perineal membrane and inferior pelvic diaphragm fascia

Ischio anal fossa

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28
Q

Perineal fascia
Abdomen>urogenital triangle
Superficial fatty/ camper’s fascia

A

No contribution to scrotum or penis

Continues into labia majora

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29
Q

Perineal fascia
Abdomen> urogenital triangle
Deep membranous scarpa’s fascia

A

Colle’s fascia in perineum
Darto’s fascia in scrotum
Superficial penile fascia

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30
Q

Perineal fascia
Abdomen> urogenital triangle
Deep investing fascia

A

Suspensory ligament of penis/clitoris

Buck’s fascia of penis

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31
Q

Perineal fascia
Abdomen> urogenital triangle
Endoabdominal / transversalis fascia

A

Internal spermatic fascia

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32
Q

Perineal fascia
Abdomen> urogenital triangle
Parietal peritoneum

A

Tunica vaginalis

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33
Q

Superficial perineal muscles

A

Superficial transverse perineal > stabilizes perineal body
Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus
Maintain erection by hindering venous return

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34
Q

Deep perineal muscles

A

Aka urogenital diaphragm (not pelvic diaphragm)
Deep transverse perineal - supports prostate/vagina
External urethral sphincter

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35
Q

External urethral sphincter males

A

Constricts membranous urethra

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36
Q

External urethral sphincter

Females

A

Inferior attachment forming urethrovaginal sphincter (compressor urethrae)

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37
Q

Superficial perineal pouch contents

Female

A

Clitoris & ischiocavernosus muscles
Bulbs of vestibule and bulbospongious muscles
Superficial transverse perineal & compressor urethrae muscles
Greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands
Deep branches of internal pudendal vessels
Perineal branches of pudendal

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38
Q

Superficial perineal pouch contents

Males

A

Penile crura nad ischiocavernosus muscles
Bulb of penis, spongy urethra, & bulbospongiosus muscles
Superficial transverse perineal muscles
Deep branches of internal pudendal vessels
Perineal branches of pudendal nerves

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39
Q

Deep perineal pouch contents

Females

A 
Proximal urethra
External urethral sphincter
Anterior ischio anal fat
Clitoral neurovasculature
Smooth muscle mass
40
Q

Deep perineal pouch contents

Males

A 
Membranous urethra
External urethral sphincter
Anterior ischio anal fat
Penile neurovasculature
Deep transverse perineal muscle
Bulbourethral (Cowper) glands
41
Q

Bulbospongiosus urethral (Cowper) glands female equivalent

A

Greater vestibular glands in superficial pouch

42
Q

Perineal membrane

A

Anchors roots of the external genitalia

43
Q

Male urogenital triangle

A

External genitalia - urethra (distal), scrotum, penis

Perineal muscle

44
Q

Scrotum

A

Sac that contains testes (gonads)
Scrotal raphe (continuous with penile raphe) ventral surface
2 scrotal cavities

45
Q

Anatomic position of penis

A

Erect

46
Q

Scrotum layers

Superficial to deep

A 
Scrotal skin
Darto’s muscle and fascia 
Cremaster muscle and fascia
Tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral layer) 
Tunica albuginea (septa and lobules)
47
Q

Testes

A 
Seminiferous tubules. (Sperm production)
Straight tubules
Rete testis (mediastinum)
Efferent ductule
Epidiyms
48
Q

Seminiferous tubules do what

A

Sperm production

49
Q

Epididymis parts

A

Head
Body
Tail (sperm storage)
Epipidymis appendix (fetal remanent of mesonephric duct)
Testis appendix (fetal remanent of paramesophric duct)

50
Q

Venus return of testes and epididymis

A

Pampiniform venous plexus
Converge as R&L testicular veins
Thermoregulatory plexus of testis

51
Q

Lymphatic drainage of testes

A

Retroperitoneal abdominal organs

Lumbar organs

52
Q

Lymphatic drainage of scrotum

A

Outpouching of anterolateral abdominal wall

Superficial inguinal lymph node

53
Q

Hydrocele

A

Accumulation of serous fluid within cavity of tunica vaginalis &/ or spermatic cord
Congenital (patent processus vaginalis) or acquired (infection or injury)
Diagnosis by transillumination

54
Q

Hematocele

A

Hemorrhage within tunica vaginalis
Straddle injury and rupture of testicular artery
Does not transilluminate

55
Q

Varicocele

A

Varicose pampiniform venous plexus
Parasitic infection, venous valve dysfunction, renal vein
Bag of worms
Left side b/c drainage

56
Q

Nutcracker syndrome

A

Compression of left renal vein between SMA and aorta
Increased left renal vein pressure
Left testicular vein is a tributary

57
Q

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome

A

Compression of duodenum between SMA and aorta
Secondarily retroperitoneal
Lack of peritoneal fat usually why happens

58
Q

Perineal fascia & rupture of male urethra (intermediate / membranous part) can pool where

A

D/t pelvic fractures commonly
Pass superior to deep pouch and pool around prostate, bladder
Perineal membrane and deep investing fascia keep it from moving inferiorly

59
Q

Perineal fascia and rupture of spongy part of male urethra fluid can pool where

A

Forceful blow to perineum (straddle injury)

Pass inferiorly from bulb (superficial perineal pouch) to scrotum or superiorly to abdomen

60
Q

Can fluids pass into thigh? Why

A

No because of fascia lata

61
Q

Can fluids pass into anal triangle why?

A

No because perineal fascia bound to perineal membrane

62
Q

Pudendal nerve

A

S2-S4
Major nerve of perineum
Exits sacral foramina, under greater sciatic foramen
Enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen

63
Q

3 branches of pudendal nerve

A

Inferior rectal n
Perineal n
Dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris

64
Q

Pudendal Nerve

Inferior rectal n innervates

A

External anal sphincter

65
Q

Pudendal nerve
Perineal n innervates
Superficial

A

Perineal muscle

66
Q

Pudendal nerve
Perineal n innervates
Superficial branch

A

Posterior scrotum / labia majora

67
Q

Pudendal nerve

Dorsal nerve of penis/ clitoris innervates

A

Skin, prepuce, glans of penis/ clitoris

68
Q

Anal triangle

Ischio- anal fossa contents

A

Internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve, nerve to obturator internus

69
Q

Ischio anal fossa is filled with

A

Fat

70
Q

Anal canal

A

Puborectalis muscle - boundary between rectum and anus
Internal and external anal sphincters
Anococcygeal ligament and perineal body

71
Q

Internal anal sphincter

A

Involuntary: superior 2/3 anal canal
Visceral innercation: contract via sympathetic
Relax via parasympathetic

72
Q

External anal sphincter

A

Voluntary inferior 2/3 anal canal

Somatic innervation S4

73
Q

Pectinate line

A

Junction between superior and inferior anal canal

74
Q

Superior anal canal

Derived from

A

Visceral (embryonic hindgut) - endoderm derived

75
Q

Inferior anal canal

Derived

A

Somatic (embryonic proctodeum) ectoderm derived

76
Q

Superior anal canal arterial supply

A

IMA- superior recital

77
Q

Inferior anal canal blood supply

A

Internal iliac - middle and inferior rectal aa

78
Q

Superior anal canal venous drainage

A

Portal venous system. Superior rectal v

79
Q

Inferior anal canal venous drainage

A

Caval venous system - inferior rectal v

80
Q

Superior anal canal lymph

A

Internal iliac nodes

81
Q

Inferior anal canal lymph

A

Superior inguinal nodes

82
Q

Superior anal canal innervation

A

Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral afferent

83
Q

Inferior anal canal innervation

A

Somatic innervation - pudendal n

84
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Dilated venous plexuses of the rectum and anal canal

85
Q

Internal hemorrhoids

A

Above pectinate line
Superior anal canal
Covered by mucous membrane
Pain fibers carried by visceral afferent fibers of sympathetic nerves
Prolapses of rectal mucosa (anal cushions) into anal canal containing dilated veins

86
Q

External hemorrhoids

A

Below pectinate line
Inferior anal canal
Covered by skin
Pain fibers carried by somatic afferent fibers of inferior rectal nerves
Thromboses (blood clots) in veins of external rectal plexus
Painful

87
Q

Penis

3 cavernous erectile bodies

A

Bound by tunica albuginea
Corpora cavernousa & crura (2)
Corpus spongiform & glans (spongy urethra)

88
Q 
Female urogenital triangle 
External genitalia (pudendum/ vulva)
A 
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia Minorca
Clitoris 
Bulbs & vestibule of vagina (urethra & vaginal orifice) (greater and lesser vestibular glands)
Perineal muscles
89
Q

Clitoris

A 
Colors cavernous & crura 
Glans
Prepuce
Bulbs & vestibule of vagina 
Urethra & vaginal orifice
Greater & lesser vestibular glands
90
Q

Urinary organs

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

91
Q

Kidneys

A

Retroperitoneal

Right kidney lower than left

92
Q

Kidneys are made up of

A

Perinephric fat
Renal fascia
Paranephric fat

93
Q

Ureters

A

Hollow musclar tube

Retroperitoneal

94
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Subperitoneal
Temporary reservoir for urine
Detrusor muscle

95
Q

Urinary bladder contains

A

Ureteric orifices & internal urethral orifices at trigone

96
Q

Detrusor musculature

A

Tightens and prevents reflux of urine

97
Q

Males involuntary urethral sphincter

A

Contracts during ejaculation

Prevents reflux of semen into bladder

Anatomy (12 decks)

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