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Anatomy > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvis function

A

Bears weight of upper body
Contains & protects pelvic organs
Support a domino pelvic organs
Attachment for erectile bodies of external genitalia

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2
Q

Pelvis 3 bones

A

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium

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3
Q

Pelvic inlet is made of

A

Arcuate and pectineal line

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4
Q

Greater pelvis aka and why

A

False pelvis because houses some abdominal organs

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5
Q

Variation of pelvis

Male vs females

A

Male: 90 or less subpubic angle. Sacrum taller and narrower
Female: 100 or more subpubic angle. Wider hips. Sacrum shorter, stockier and wider

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6
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Funnel shaped

Bounded by ligaments, bone, muscles

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7
Q

Perineum

A

Shallow compartment inferior to msuclar floor of pelvic cavity “pelvic diaphragm”
Transverse line between ischial tuberosities contains anal triangle and urogenital triangle

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8
Q

Urogenital triangle

A

“Closed” by perineal membrane
Attachment for erectile bodies of external genitalia, perineal muscles
Hiatus for urethra and vagina

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9
Q

Anal triangle

A 
“Open” no membrane
Anal canal and anus
Surrounded by ischio anal fat 
Ischiorectal fossa
External anal sphincter
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10
Q

Ischio-anal / ischiorectal fossa

A

Fat filled space on either side of anal canal
Contains pudendal canal
Houses external anal sphincter

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11
Q

Pudendal canal

A

Horizontal passageway within obturator fascia

Internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve, nerve to obturator internus

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12
Q

Perineal membrane

A

Anchors roots of external genitalia
Boundary between superficial and deep punch
Closes urogenital triangle

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13
Q

Perineal body

A

Central tendon of perineum
Convergence of muscles, collagenous and elastic fibers, and perineal membrane
Anchors perineum membrane and muscles

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14
Q

Perineal fascia

A

Subcutaneous perineal fascia

Deep perineal fascia

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15
Q

Subcutaneous perineal fascia consists of

A

Superficial fatty layer

Deep membranous layer (colle’s fascia)

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16
Q

Deep perineal fascia aka

A

Investing or Gallaudet fascia

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17
Q

Superficial fatty layer used to be what in abdomen

A

Camper’s fascia

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18
Q

Deep membranous layer / colle’s fascia used to be what in abdomen

A

Scarpa’s fascia

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19
Q

Superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous fascia
Urogenital triangle
Female

A

Labia Majorca and mons pubis (continuous with Camper’s fascia)

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20
Q

Superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous fascia
Urogenital triangle
Males

A

Nearly absent

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21
Q

Superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous fascia

Anal triangle

A

Continuous with ischio-anal fat pad in both sexes

Not in scrotum

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22
Q

Superficial membranous layer of subcutaneous fascia (Colle’s fascia)
Urogenital triangle
Females

A

Continuous with scarpas fascia

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23
Q

Superficial membranous layer of subcutaneous fascia (colle’s)
Urogenital triangle
Males

A

Continuous with Scarpa’s fascia in abdomen

Darto’s muscle/ fascia in penis and scrotum

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24
Q

Superficial membranous layer of subcutaneous fascia (colle’s)
Anal triangle

A

Does NOT extend into anal triangle
Attached to posterior perineal membrane and body
Fascia lata laterality

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25
Deep membranous layer of perineal fascia (investing fascia)
Invests perineal muscles Attached at ischiopubic rami laterally Continuous with suspensory ligament of penis/clitoris anteriorly Deep fascia of abdomen & buck’s fascia of penis
26
Superficial perineal pouch
Potential space | Perineal (Colle’s) fascia and perineal membrane
27
Deep perineal pouch
Perineal membrane and inferior pelvic diaphragm fascia | Ischio anal fossa
28
Perineal fascia Abdomen>urogenital triangle Superficial fatty/ camper’s fascia
No contribution to scrotum or penis | Continues into labia majora
29
Perineal fascia Abdomen> urogenital triangle Deep membranous scarpa’s fascia
Colle’s fascia in perineum Darto’s fascia in scrotum Superficial penile fascia
30
Perineal fascia Abdomen> urogenital triangle Deep investing fascia
Suspensory ligament of penis/clitoris | Buck’s fascia of penis
31
Perineal fascia Abdomen> urogenital triangle Endoabdominal / transversalis fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
32
Perineal fascia Abdomen> urogenital triangle Parietal peritoneum
Tunica vaginalis
33
Superficial perineal muscles
Superficial transverse perineal > stabilizes perineal body Ischiocavernosus Bulbospongiosus Maintain erection by hindering venous return
34
Deep perineal muscles
Aka urogenital diaphragm (not pelvic diaphragm) Deep transverse perineal - supports prostate/vagina External urethral sphincter
35
External urethral sphincter males
Constricts membranous urethra
36
External urethral sphincter | Females
Inferior attachment forming urethrovaginal sphincter (compressor urethrae)
37
Superficial perineal pouch contents | Female
Clitoris & ischiocavernosus muscles Bulbs of vestibule and bulbospongious muscles Superficial transverse perineal & compressor urethrae muscles Greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands Deep branches of internal pudendal vessels Perineal branches of pudendal
38
Superficial perineal pouch contents | Males
Penile crura nad ischiocavernosus muscles Bulb of penis, spongy urethra, & bulbospongiosus muscles Superficial transverse perineal muscles Deep branches of internal pudendal vessels Perineal branches of pudendal nerves
39
Deep perineal pouch contents | Females
``` Proximal urethra External urethral sphincter Anterior ischio anal fat Clitoral neurovasculature Smooth muscle mass ```
40
Deep perineal pouch contents | Males
``` Membranous urethra External urethral sphincter Anterior ischio anal fat Penile neurovasculature Deep transverse perineal muscle Bulbourethral (Cowper) glands ```
41
Bulbospongiosus urethral (Cowper) glands female equivalent
Greater vestibular glands in superficial pouch
42
Perineal membrane
Anchors roots of the external genitalia
43
Male urogenital triangle
External genitalia - urethra (distal), scrotum, penis | Perineal muscle
44
Scrotum
Sac that contains testes (gonads) Scrotal raphe (continuous with penile raphe) ventral surface 2 scrotal cavities
45
Anatomic position of penis
Erect
46
Scrotum layers | Superficial to deep
``` Scrotal skin Darto’s muscle and fascia Cremaster muscle and fascia Tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral layer) Tunica albuginea (septa and lobules) ```
47
Testes
``` Seminiferous tubules. (Sperm production) Straight tubules Rete testis (mediastinum) Efferent ductule Epidiyms ```
48
Seminiferous tubules do what
Sperm production
49
Epididymis parts
Head Body Tail (sperm storage) Epipidymis appendix (fetal remanent of mesonephric duct) Testis appendix (fetal remanent of paramesophric duct)
50
Venus return of testes and epididymis
Pampiniform venous plexus Converge as R&L testicular veins Thermoregulatory plexus of testis
51
Lymphatic drainage of testes
Retroperitoneal abdominal organs | Lumbar organs
52
Lymphatic drainage of scrotum
Outpouching of anterolateral abdominal wall | Superficial inguinal lymph node
53
Hydrocele
Accumulation of serous fluid within cavity of tunica vaginalis &/ or spermatic cord Congenital (patent processus vaginalis) or acquired (infection or injury) Diagnosis by transillumination
54
Hematocele
Hemorrhage within tunica vaginalis Straddle injury and rupture of testicular artery Does not transilluminate
55
Varicocele
Varicose pampiniform venous plexus Parasitic infection, venous valve dysfunction, renal vein Bag of worms Left side b/c drainage
56
Nutcracker syndrome
Compression of left renal vein between SMA and aorta Increased left renal vein pressure Left testicular vein is a tributary
57
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Compression of duodenum between SMA and aorta Secondarily retroperitoneal Lack of peritoneal fat usually why happens
58
Perineal fascia & rupture of male urethra (intermediate / membranous part) can pool where
D/t pelvic fractures commonly Pass superior to deep pouch and pool around prostate, bladder Perineal membrane and deep investing fascia keep it from moving inferiorly
59
Perineal fascia and rupture of spongy part of male urethra fluid can pool where
Forceful blow to perineum (straddle injury) | Pass inferiorly from bulb (superficial perineal pouch) to scrotum or superiorly to abdomen
60
Can fluids pass into thigh? Why
No because of fascia lata
61
Can fluids pass into anal triangle why?
No because perineal fascia bound to perineal membrane
62
Pudendal nerve
S2-S4 Major nerve of perineum Exits sacral foramina, under greater sciatic foramen Enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen
63
3 branches of pudendal nerve
Inferior rectal n Perineal n Dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris
64
Pudendal Nerve | Inferior rectal n innervates
External anal sphincter
65
Pudendal nerve Perineal n innervates Superficial
Perineal muscle
66
Pudendal nerve Perineal n innervates Superficial branch
Posterior scrotum / labia majora
67
Pudendal nerve | Dorsal nerve of penis/ clitoris innervates
Skin, prepuce, glans of penis/ clitoris
68
Anal triangle | Ischio- anal fossa contents
Internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve, nerve to obturator internus
69
Ischio anal fossa is filled with
Fat
70
Anal canal
Puborectalis muscle - boundary between rectum and anus Internal and external anal sphincters Anococcygeal ligament and perineal body
71
Internal anal sphincter
Involuntary: superior 2/3 anal canal Visceral innercation: contract via sympathetic Relax via parasympathetic
72
External anal sphincter
Voluntary inferior 2/3 anal canal | Somatic innervation S4
73
Pectinate line
Junction between superior and inferior anal canal
74
Superior anal canal | Derived from
Visceral (embryonic hindgut) - endoderm derived
75
Inferior anal canal | Derived
Somatic (embryonic proctodeum) ectoderm derived
76
Superior anal canal arterial supply
IMA- superior recital
77
Inferior anal canal blood supply
Internal iliac - middle and inferior rectal aa
78
Superior anal canal venous drainage
Portal venous system. Superior rectal v
79
Inferior anal canal venous drainage
Caval venous system - inferior rectal v
80
Superior anal canal lymph
Internal iliac nodes
81
Inferior anal canal lymph
Superior inguinal nodes
82
Superior anal canal innervation
Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral afferent
83
Inferior anal canal innervation
Somatic innervation - pudendal n
84
Hemorrhoids
Dilated venous plexuses of the rectum and anal canal
85
Internal hemorrhoids
Above pectinate line Superior anal canal Covered by mucous membrane Pain fibers carried by visceral afferent fibers of sympathetic nerves Prolapses of rectal mucosa (anal cushions) into anal canal containing dilated veins
86
External hemorrhoids
Below pectinate line Inferior anal canal Covered by skin Pain fibers carried by somatic afferent fibers of inferior rectal nerves Thromboses (blood clots) in veins of external rectal plexus Painful
87
Penis | 3 cavernous erectile bodies
Bound by tunica albuginea Corpora cavernousa & crura (2) Corpus spongiform & glans (spongy urethra)
88
``` Female urogenital triangle External genitalia (pudendum/ vulva) ```
``` Mons pubis Labia majora Labia Minorca Clitoris Bulbs & vestibule of vagina (urethra & vaginal orifice) (greater and lesser vestibular glands) Perineal muscles ```
89
Clitoris
``` Colors cavernous & crura Glans Prepuce Bulbs & vestibule of vagina Urethra & vaginal orifice Greater & lesser vestibular glands ```
90
Urinary organs
Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra
91
Kidneys
Retroperitoneal | Right kidney lower than left
92
Kidneys are made up of
Perinephric fat Renal fascia Paranephric fat
93
Ureters
Hollow musclar tube | Retroperitoneal
94
Urinary bladder
Subperitoneal Temporary reservoir for urine Detrusor muscle
95
Urinary bladder contains
Ureteric orifices & internal urethral orifices at trigone
96
Detrusor musculature
Tightens and prevents reflux of urine
97
Males involuntary urethral sphincter
Contracts during ejaculation | Prevents reflux of semen into bladder

Anatomy (12 decks)

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