Back muscles

Question 1

suboccipital muscles function

Answer 1

extend head and neck
rotate to same side
laterally flex

Question 2

what innervates the intrinsic group

Answer 2

segmental supply via posterior rami of spinal nn

Question 3

what are the functions of the cruciate ligaments

Answer 3

prevent posterior displacement of dens and anterior placement of atlas

Question 4

what is the ligamentum flavum

Answer 4

on adjacent lamina (posterior vertebral canal)
well developed in thoracolumbar region
weakest in mid cervical region

Question 5

greater occipital nerve

Answer 5

posterior rami of c2
inferior to obliquus capitis inferior
penetrates semispinalis capitis
skin of posterior scalp

Question 6

interspinales

Answer 6

extension

between spinous processes

Question 7

transversospinalese

Answer 7

transverse processes to spinous processes / occipital
semispinals
multifidus
rotatores
extends head and spine
rotates contralaterally

Question 8

what does the posterior longitudinal ligament do

Answer 8

weakly resists hyperflexion

helps prevent/ redirect herniation

Question 9

what muscles are in the intrinsic group

Answer 9

spinotransversales
erector spinae
transversospinales

Question 10

what is the interspinous ligament

Answer 10

adjacent spinous processes

relatively weak and membranous

Question 11

what does the ligamentum flavum do

Answer 11

limits flexion

prevents separation of laminae

Question 12

what is the function of the superficial extrinsic back muscle group

Answer 12

motor to limb

Question 13

multifidus

Answer 13

2-4 segments

sacrum to c2

Question 14

what are the superficial extrinsic back muscle group

Answer 14

trapezius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
rhomboid major
rhomoid minor

Question 15

what innervates the serratus posterior muscles

Answer 15

anterior rami of the intercostal nn (attach to ribs)

Question 16

suboccipital muscles innervated by

Answer 16

c1 suboccipital nerve

Question 17

what is the anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 17

strong fibrous band on the anterior aspect of vertebral bodies and ivd
c1 to sacrum but well developed in the lordotic regions

Question 18

suboccipital nerve need to know

Answer 18

posterior rami of c1
motor to ALL suboccipital muscles
only cervical spinal nerve with NO cutaneous distribution

Question 19

what innervates the suboccipital muscles

Answer 19

c1- suboccipital nerve

Question 20

3rd (least) occipital nerve

Answer 20

posterior rami of c3

skin of posterior scalp - region of posterior occipital protuberance

Question 21

intertransversarii

Answer 21

lateral flexion

between transverse processes

Question 22

what are the functions of the alar ligaments

Answer 22

prevent excessive rotation

Question 23

suboccipital triangle contents

Answer 23

vertebral artery

suboccipital nerve c1

Question 24

lesser occipital nerve

Answer 24

anterior rami of c2

posterolateral scalp inferior to ears

Question 25

supraspinous ligament

Answer 25

tips of adjacent spinous processes c7-sacrum merges with nuchal ligament

Question 26

why does the supraspinous ligament start at c7

Answer 26

the rest of the cervical spinous processes are short. so the nuchal ligament is used for muscle attachment

Question 27

why is the anterior longitudinal ligament well developed in the lordotic regions

Answer 27

restricts hyper extension

Question 28

what does the anterior longitudinal ligament do

Answer 28

restricts hyperextension

Question 29

what are the functions of the ligaments of the vertebral column

Answer 29

help strengthen joints | limit vertebral movements

Question 30

spinotransversales names

Answer 30

splenius cervicis and capitis

Question 31

what innervates the superficial extrinsic back muscle group

Answer 31

anterior rami of cervical spina lnerves (except trapezius)

Question 32

splenius cervicis and capitis locations

Answer 32

spinous processes to transverse processes

Question 33

what are the functions of the intrinsic group

Answer 33

movements of the vertebral column | maintaining erect posture

Question 34

intrinsic deep segmental back muscles

Answer 34

interspinales intertransversarii levatores costarum adjacent or subadjacent vertebrae / ribs

Question 35

semispinalis

Answer 35

4-6 segments head

Question 36

nuchal ligament

Answer 36

median band of fibroelastic tissue skull to tips of cervical spinous processes attachment for nuchal muscle since cervical processes are short

Question 37

what is the posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 37

narrow weaker band posterior aspect of bodies and ivd c2 to sacrum less developed in lumbar region

Question 38

where are the alar ligaments

Answer 38

hold the dens to the foramen magnum

Question 39

what are the cruciate ligaments of the atlas

Answer 39

transverse ligament of the atlas superior longitudinal band inferior longitudinal band

Question 40

what is the function of the serratus posterior muscles

Answer 40

proprioception

Question 41

rotatores

Answer 41

1-2 segments

Question 42

what muscles are in the intermediate extrinsic group

Answer 42

serratus posterior superior c7-t3 | serratus posterior inferiort11-l2/3

Question 43

suboccipital triangle boundaries

Answer 43

rectus capitis posterior major | obliquus capitis superior and inferior

Question 44

levatores costarum

Answer 44

slight extension lateral flexion contrallateral rotation transverse processes to ribs

Question 45

which cervical nerve has no cutaneous distribution

Answer 45

c1- suboccipital nerve

Question 46

splenus cervicis and capitis function

Answer 46

extend neck laterally flex ipsilateral rotation

Question 47

erector spinae functions

Answer 47

extends | laterally flexes

Question 48

suboccipital muscles

Answer 48

rectus capitis posterior major and minor | obliquus capitis superior and inferior

Question 49

erector spinae

Answer 49

spinous processes to ribs iliocostalis longissimus spinalis