Nervous System

Question 1

dermatome

Answer 1

area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerce

Question 2

cutatneous innervation

Answer 2

area of skin supplied by peripheral nerves that contains fibers from multiple spinal nerve roots

Question 3

myotome

Answer 3

mass of muscle supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 4

sclerotome

Answer 4

portion of somite that gives rise to bone

Question 5

investing fascia

Answer 5

connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle or neurovascular bundle

Question 6

subserous fascia

Answer 6

layer of connective tissue that line internal surface o fbody wall and attaches to the parietal layer of serous membrane

Question 7

superficial fasica

Answer 7

later of connective tissue with varying levels of fat that contain cutaneous branches of the vessels and nerves supplyng the overlaying skin

Question 8

deep fascia

Answer 8

thickened band of connective tissue located at or near joints holding tendons in place during movements

Question 9

bursa

Answer 9

closed sac of serous membrane with potential space that contains a thin layer of lubricating fluid

Question 10

intermuscular septum

Answer 10

connective tissue that divides groups of functionally similar muscles into fascial compartments

Question 11

nerve plexus

Answer 11

mixing of multiple spinal nerves into a single peripheral nerve or the contribution of a single spinal nerve into a numer of peripheral nerves

Question 12

somatic nerves

Answer 12

responsible for general pain/ temperature / movement sensation and skeletal muscle contraction
single cell system with efferents having cell body within the anterior horn of gray matter and the afferent cell body within the spinal ganglia of the dorsal root

Question 13

autonomic nerves

Answer 13

responsible for innervating the viscera
functions not generally conscious of
two cell systems - first cell body in cns, second cell body somewhere in periphery

Question 14

portal system

Answer 14

coalescing veins that transport nutrient rich blood from capillary beds of various organs of GI system directly to capillary beds of liver for processing

Question 15

arteriovenous shunt

Answer 15

communications between arterial and venous vessels n the skin that allow blood flow to bypass the capillary beds

Question 16

anastomoses

Answer 16

multiple arterial branches that proide collateral circulation to the muscles and joints of the shoulder in case one route becomes obstructed

Question 17

accompanying veins

Answer 17

irregular network of venous vessels that surround the deep arteries of the upper limb and serces as a countercurrent heat exchanger

Question 18

venous plexus

Answer 18

network of small veins that coalesce to form larger veins that drain the dorsum of the hand

Question 19

lymphoid system functions

Answer 19

removal and transport of excess interstitial fluids
collects extracellular debris and bacteria
serves as sites of immune response activities
absorption and transport of dietary fat
sites of lymphocytes production and maturation

Question 20

ganglion

Answer 20

collection of cell bodies within a nerve

Question 21

what are the layers of meninges

Answer 21

pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater

Question 22

what are the two spaces surroundng the cns

Answer 22

subarachnoid space

subdural space

Question 23

dermatome nerves

Answer 23

travel along on somatic afferent fibers in mixed spinal nerves

Question 24

what nerve innervates around the nipple

Answer 24

t4

Question 25

what nerve innervates around the umbilicus

Answer 25

t10

Question 26

myotome nerves

Answer 26

travel on somatic efferent fibers within mixed spinal nerve

Question 27

posterior root

Answer 27

somatic afferent

Question 28

anterior root

Answer 28

somatic efferent

Question 29

posterior ramus

Answer 29

mixed nerve to back

Question 30

anterior ramus

Answer 30

mixed nerve to everything else

Question 31

sympathetics innervation

Answer 31

thoracolumbar t1-l2

Question 32

parasympathetics innervation

Answer 32

craniosacral cn and s2-4

Question 33

visceral afferents

Answer 33

not autonomic | single cell neuron sensory to viscera

Question 34

sympathetics

Answer 34

catabolic - heightened energy expenditure travel to every part of body. 2 cell system

Question 35

rules for sympathetics

Answer 35

2 nerve system | presynaptic - ventral root, white ramus communicans, sumpathetic chain ganglion

Question 36

4 options for sympathetic nerves

Answer 36

synapse in sympathetic ganglion and pass back into spinal nerve via gray communicans synapse in sympathetic ganglion then pass via splanchic nerve to heart and lunchs head up/down chain to another sympathetic ganglion then synapse and head out grey communicans take splanchic nerve directly to preaortic gnaglion

Question 37

t1-6 innervates

Answer 37

head upper limb thoracic viscera

Question 38

t7-t11 innervates

Answer 38

body wall, abdominal viscera

Question 39

t12-l2 /3

Answer 39

lower limb | pelvic viscera

Question 40

parasympathetics

Answer 40

anabolic - lowered energy expenditure travel only to viscera in body and glands and eyes in the head do not join mixed spinal nerves travel to viscera via cranial nerve and sphlanchic nerbe

Question 41

parasympathetics cell system

Answer 41

2 neuron system presyn and short postsyn cn 3, 7, 10 cn10 vagus only one that goes to body intermediolateral cell colun at s2-4 goes to viscera

Question 42

rules for parasympathetics

Answer 42

post synaptic from head ganglia to target short postsyn within target organ

Question 43

parasympathetic outflow vagus

Answer 43

thoracic organs | gi through left colc flexure

Question 44

parasympathetic outflow s2-s4

Answer 44

pelvic organs | gi from left colic flecture

Question 45

referred pain

Answer 45

brain misunderstands where pain is coming | confusion during firing in spinal ganglion

Question 46

phrenic nerve

Answer 46

``` arise from c 345 somartic afferent efferent nerves. sympathetics no myotome or dermatome diaphragm proprioception ```