Pelvis Flashcards
What’s the discount code for Brainscape Pro?
MCPHS91BS
The hip is what type of joint?
Ball and socket. For stability of hip.
The ball-and-socket joint of the hip has what purpose?
Stability
What are the two notches of the hip bone?
Greater Sciatic Notch, Lesser Sciatic Notch
What are the three bones of the hip bone?
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
What is the name of the big foramen on the hip bone?
Obturator Foramen
The Obturator Foramen is on which two bones?
Pubis and Ischium of the hip bone
The Acetabulum articulates with which major bone?
Head of Femur
Where do the three hip bones all connect?
Acetabulum
The Acetabulum is where which three bones that attached and articulates with what other main bone?
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis. Head of Femur.
What bone do you sit on?
Ischial Tuberosity
What type of cartilidge does the Acetabulum have?
Hyalin cartilidge
Glut muscles attach on which two “lines” of the Ileum?
Anterior and Posterior Gluteal Lines
Which two bones make up the Greater Sciatic Notch?
Mostly ilium and some ischium
What three bones make up the Pelvic Girdle?
The two hip bones (right and left side) and the Sacrum.
What makes up the Sacrum?
5 fused vertebrae, s1-s5
Five fused vertebra make up what?
The Sacrum
How many fused vertebra make up the Sacrum?
Five
What is the name of the joint between the Sacrum and Hip Bone?
Sacroiliac Joint
What are the names of the “wings” of the hip bone/Illium?
ALA of Illium
What type of tissue and where is the Public Symphysis?
Fibrocartilidge. Between pubic bodies. Becomes loose during last trimester of preggers helping to enlarge opening for baby to crawl out
Which rami come out of the foramen on either side of the anterior sacrum?
Ventral Rami
The rami coming out of the foramen in the posterior sacrum are ventral or dorsal?
Dorsal rami
Describe the feel of the AIIS
Rough. Where the thigh muscles attach.
What is the name of the hole between ischium and pubis?
Obturator Foramen
What is the difference in shape of the Ischial Spine in men and women?
Male=sticks in (medially) toward pelvis. Women= points backwards (posterioraly)
If you’re looking at a medial view of the hip bone what major structure do you not see?
Acetabulum (where head of femur connects).
What is the angle of the Ischial Public Ramus in women?
90 degrees
What is the Sacral Hiatus? What runs through it?
Inferior opening of the Sacral Canal. Sacral nerves and Coccygeal nerves.
The Sacral Hiatus is an opening for what at end of sacrum?
opening for nerve fibers at end of sacrum s1-s5 and coccyx nerves.
The Sacral Hiatus is a good place to obtain what fluid sample?
CSF sample.
What is the angle in the male Ischial Public Ramus?
60 degrees
Describe the shape of the female pelvic inlet.
Female pelvis can be in varying shapes. Heart shape, oval shape, narrow shape
What is the name of the line around the Pelvic Inlet?
Arcuate Line
The pelvis allows for the transfer of weight to where?
Transfers weight through acetabulm to femur then down. Allows for good transfer of weight.
The Pelvic Inlet is from where to where?
Top of Pubis to Sacral Prominotory
The Pelvic Outlet is from where to where?
Coccyx to bottom of Pubis. Measured by OB/Gyns and compared to head of fetus to determine C-section or not.
What is a clinical application does the Pelvic Outlet have?
Measured by OB/Gyns and compared to head of fetus to determine C-section or not
The sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments are where and do what?
Pelvis. Keeps guts from falling out of hip and stabilizes sacrum.
The Sacrospinous ligament is from where to where? Job?
Drom Sacrum to Ischial Spine. Stabilizes sacrum, keeps guts in.
The Inguinal Ligament is from where to where?
ASIS to PT
The Sacrospinous Ligament closes what notch?
Closes Greater Sciatic Notch
The Sacrotuberous Ligament closes what notch?
Closes Lesser Sciatic Notch
The Arucate Line separates what from what?
False Pelvis (above) and True Pelvis (below)
The Ischial Tuberousity has what sort of feel?
Very rough. For muscular attachment.
The Ischial Tuberousity is attachment for which muscles?
All muscles in posterior thigh
What closes the Obturator Foramen?
Obturator Membrane. Has small hole in top what allows VAN to pass thorugh
What Obturator Membrane closes what?
Obturator Foramen
What does the canal on the top of the Obturator Membrane allow to pass through?
Obturator vein, artery, and nerve to pass through.
All hip joint ligaments attach to what bone? (specifically hip joint ligment, not ligaments of the hip)
Femur and then something else (Publis, Ischium, or Ilium)
Which ligament attached the Ileum of the Hip to the Femur?
Iliofemoral Ligament
Which ligament attaches the Publis of the Hip to the Femur?
Pubofemoral Ligament
The Iliofemoral ligament and Pubofemoral ligament have what kind of “spot” in the middle? What does it allow and in what direction?
Weak spot which lacks a thick layer of connective tissue. Allow for things that dislocate anteriorally to break through.
Which ligament connects the Ischium and Femur?
Ischiofemoral ligament
The weak spot between the Iliofemoral ligament and Ischiofemoral ligament all what type of dislocation?
Posterior femoral dislocation, usually from a car crash that puts a lot on knees hitting dashboard driving femur out posteriorally
Where can you feel the Greater Trochanter?
Can feel at widest part of hip
Where do all three hip bones join to?
Acetabulum
What runs in the middle of the Ligament of the Head of Femur?
Artery that runs in middle and comes out (artery to head of femur). Carries blood to head of femur. Break can cause osteonecrosis.
Why is the Transverse Ligament of the Acetabulum called the “seatbelt ligament”?
seatbelt ligament to help lock femoral head into place in acetabulum
What kind of cartilige is on the head of the femur?
Hyalin cartilage
What attaches in the Fovea of the Femoral Head?
Ligament of the Femoral Head
What is a Fovea?
A small indentation where a ligament attaches
What makes the “floor” of the pelvis?
Levator Ani
What kind of muscle of the Levator Ani?
Skeletal muscle.
What action does contraction of the Levator Ani have?
When contracts elevates all internal organs of pelvis. skeletal muscle.
What type of muscle is the urinary bladder?
Smooth muscle
What type of fluid does the Prostate help make?
Makes Prostatic Fluid (component of Seminal Fluid)
What type of muscle is the Prostate?
Smooth muscle
What type of fluid does the Prostate primarily make?
Prostatic Fluid
Which lobe of the prostate becomes cancerous as age?
Posterior lobe most often becomes cancerous.
What is a medical condition of the Prostate which enlarges the prostate and makes urination difficult?
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH). As grow older and prostate pushes on urethera making bladder push harder.
What kind of muscle is the External Anal Sphincter?
Skeletal muscle
The Bulbulourethal Gland does what?
Secrets mucous during arousal and sex
In men which gland secrets mucous during sex?
Bulbulourethal gland
What is the position of the Uterus?
Anteverted (forward leaning) and Anteflexed (forward flexed)
Where is the Levator Ani muscle and what does it connect?
Pubis to Coccyx. Under bladder. supports organs.
What type of muscle is the uterine cervix?
Smooth muscle
What is the Crus of Clitoris?
“Minipenis”. Two erectile bodies and central portion that forms tip. Elastic fibers that hold in place.
What holds the Crus of Clitoris in place?
Elastic fibers, UG diaphragm, ischiocavernosus muscle
Is the Ureter under or over the Overian Vein and Artery?
Under. “Water under the bridge.”
What are the two structures of the Ovarian Suspensory Ligament?
Ovarian Artery and Ovarian Vein.
What is the test for the Uterine Cervix?
Pap Smear as can develop hypertrophy and lead to cancer
Pap Smear tests what?
Uterine Cervix for hypertrophy and lead to cancer
The Labia Minora are the entry to what
Vestible and Urethera. Hairless, thin, not a lot of fat. majora are hairy, thick, and lots of fat.
The Vestible is entry to what?
Vagina
The Glans and Crus of the Clitoris fills with blood during what?
Fill with blood during sexual excitement
Broad Ligament AKA
Mesometrium
What does the Broad Ligament/Mesometrium cover?
Covers uterus
Uterine Tube aka
Fallopian Tube
What is the mesentery of the Fallopian Tube?
Mesosalpinx. Salpinx=trumpet.
Fornix is a like a mote around the? What test can be done on the posterior part?
Around the Cervix. Culdocentesis
The Ejaculatory Duct goes through what and out what?
Through Prostate then Prostatic Urethera, Membranous Urethera, then Penile Urethera
Ductus Deferens aka
Vas Deferens
What prevents ejaculate from getting into urine?
Internal Uretheral Sphincter. During ejaculation smooth muscle around neck of bladder to prevent semen from getting into urine and vice versa.
The Vas Deferens and Seminal Vesicle joint up where?
Ejaculatory Duct
The Epididymis is around what and becomes what?
Around testis, becomes Vas Deferens at bottom of testes
Which muscle is the strongest hip flexor?
Iliopsoas muscle
What is the job of the Illiacus muscle?
Flexes hip joint
Which rib is the 12 Thoracic Nerve (aka Subcostal Nerve) under and where does nerve go?
Under Rib 12 is 12th thoracic nerve aka Subcostal Nerve which. Travels between layers of muscle and goes to front below belly button.
Where is the 12 Thoracic Nerve aka Subcostal Nerve?
Under rib 12. under this rib is 12th thoracic nerve aka Subcostal Nerve which travels between layers of muscle and goes to front near belly button
What is the root of the Iliohypogastric Nerve, which region does it go to, what muscles does it innervate?
From L1. Goes to hypogastric region above pubis. Innervates abdominal muscles and branches off to cutaneous branches and ends above pubis
The Iliohypogastric Nerve is from which nerve root?
From L1
The Iliohypogastric Nerve enters the pubis through which muscle?
Through transversus abdominus muscle.
The Iliohypogastric Nerve becomes what branches by the pubis symphysis?
Cutaneous branches by pubic symphysis
Which nerves are from L1?
Iliohypogastric Nerve and Ilioinguinal Nerve
The Ilioinguinal Nerve goes through which canal?
Goes through inguinal canal
The Ilioinguinal Nerve supplies which region?
Inguinal region.
The Genitofemoral Nerve comes out of which muscle? How many branches and what do they innervate?
Comes out of Psoas Major. Innervates genitals and femoral regions as two branches. Under inguinal ligament to cutaneous thigh, also to genitals down spermatic cord.
The Genitalfemoral Nerve innervates what areas? How many branches?
Innervates genitals and femoral regions as two branches.
The Genitofemoral Nerve goes over or under the Inguinal Ligament?
Under inguinal ligament
The Genitofemoral Nerve travels down which cord?
Genitals down spermatic cord.
What are the two branches of the Genitofemoral Nerve?
Femoral Branch, Genital Branch
Describe the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
Name is what and where. under inguinal ligament and cutaneous innervation on lateral anterior aspect of thigh
Which nerve provides cutaneous innervation on lateral anterior aspect of thigh?
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
The Int Uretheral Muscle in men is what kind of muscle and prevents what?
int uretheral muscle in men is smooth muscle and only closes during climax in men to prevent retrograde ejaculation..
What makes up the Sacral Canal?
Fused laminas of the 5 sacral vertebra
The Sacralispinois Ligament goes where to where?
from sacrum to ischial spine.
The Sacraltuberous Ligament goes from where to where?
From Sacrum to Ischial Tuberosity
What gene on which chromosome guides development for male pathway by increasing testosterone and knocking out estrogen?
SRY gene on Y chromosome
The Genital Tubercle can become what sex-specific structures?
Genital Tubercle either becomes Glans Penis or Glans of Clitoris
The Labioscrotal swelling becomes one of two possible things
Labia or Scrotum
During embryological development which sex develop sex characteristics earlier?
females develop sex characteristics earlier in embryological development than males
Where is the Perineal Region?
Perineal=region between legs
The Perineal Raphe goes from where to where?
Anus to Scrotum or Labia Majora
The Perineum is very fatty and this helps with what?
Protection, flexibility during childbirth, flexibility of anus during pooping
What are the two triangles of the Perineal Region/Pelvic Outlet?
Urogenital Triangle and Anal Triangle
The line that separates the two Pelvic Outlet/Perineal Region triangles goes from where to where?
From Ischial Tuberosity to Ischial Tuberosity
Describe the look of the Labia Majora
Fat and hairy
Describe the look of the Labia Minora
Thin and hairless
Describe the area of the Mons Publis
Fatty area with fat and hairy labia majora
Describe the Lithotomy Position
Laying on back, butt at end of exam table, feet in stirrups, knees bent. allows proper gynecological exam.
The Bulbiospongiousus and Ischiocavernosus muscles do what during sexual excitement in women?
Swell with blood
Levator Ani aka
aka pelvic diaphragm aka pelvic floor
What does the Levator Ani (aka Pelvic Diaphragm) do?
Supports internal organs above it.
What attaches to the Urogenital Diaphgram?
Flat area for ext genitalia to attach to
What is the shape of the Levator Ani (aka Pelvic Diaphragm)?
Funnel shape
The Urogenital Triangle is like a what?
Like a pita bread fascia that contains muscle.
What does the Corpus Spongiosum do and become in males?
In male fuses to make bulb of penis and becomes musle
What attaches to the Perineal Body?
Site of common attachment for everything: anal sphincter, bulbospongiousus, transverse perineal muscle, levator ani
Which perineal triangle does the Deep Transverse Perineal muscle make up?
Makes up UG triangle except for openings in middle and borders.
What is the analog of the Vestibular Bulb in men?
Bulb of the penis
What nerve, artery, and vein can be damaged by cycling?
Nerve=Pundendal *BUT* Int. Pudendal Art and Vein
What is the major nerve of the perineum?
Pudendal Nerve. Motor, sensory, and sympathetic. Comes out from under gluteal region and runs along ischialpubic ramus and gives off branches
Where does the Pudendal Nerve come out from and run along?
Comes out from Greater Sciatic Foramen and enters Lesser Sciatic Foramen and then runs along ischialpubic ramus and gives off branches
What are the two major arteries and veins of the perineum?
Inferior rectal; Internal Pundendal art and veins
What is an Episiotomy?
Incision of the perineum to prevent tearing when pelvic opening not wide enough or extended labor.
Where are the three incisions of the Episiotomy and which is best?
Lateral=might cut nerves; Midline=might cut anus; Mediolateral=best place to cut
The Dorsal Clitoral Artery provides blood to what type of bodies?
To erectile bodies in women
What can happen to the skeletal muscle of the vagina from childbirth? How to treat?
musculo-elastic. Skeletal muscle around it which stretches from childbirth and can help with kegel contractions.
What does the vagina secrete?
secretes mucous
What makes up the Pampiniform Plexus in men?
Testicular veins surrounding one testicular artery
What is the job of the Panpiniform Plexus?
Heat exchange to keep the testes cool and prevent sterilzation
What does the contractions of the Ductus Deferens achieve during male ejaculation?
lots of contraction during ejaculation to move sperm and seminal components from seminal vesicle
What are the two corpi of the penis?
Corpus Cavernosum and Corpus Spongiosum
What muscle covers the Corpus Cavernosum?
covered by ischocavernosus muscle
What type of blood can fill the Corpus Cavernosum?
cavernous can be filled with venous blood.
The Corpus Spongiosum is covered by which muscle?
covered by bulbospongiousus muscle
Which side of the penis is the Corpus Spongiosum on?
Ventral side
Which side of the penis is the Corpus Cavernosum on?
Dorsal side
What is held in the Crus of the Penis?
Venous blood
What is the first part of the Urethera?
Prostatic Part
What is the Seminal Colliculus and what is it leftover from?
Blind opening (left over from embryology) and ejaculatory ducts are below
What does the Prostate secrete?
Prostatic Fluid. Slightly alkaline and helps sperm survive acidic environment of the vagina.
Where are the male ejaculatory ducts?
In the prostate gland
During ejaculation what is the pathway of travel for sperm?
From Epididymis through the Vas Deferences (through spermatic cord in superficial ring out deep ring), joins seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory ducts in prostate gland, male urethra (prostatic part, membranous part, penile part).
The two corpus cavernosi are separated by what?
two corpus cavernosum separated by penile septum. can cause the penis to deviate due to blood flow differences from one and another
What causes penile deviation during erection?
Deep Penile Artery supplies blood to the two corpus cavernosum separated by penile septum. Can cause the penis to deviate due to blood flow differences from one and another
Which artery supplies the Corpus Cavernosum?
Deep Penile Artery
Which artery supplies the Corpus Spongiosum (aka Penile Bulb)?
Artery to the Bulb (from Int Pudendal)
What gene on which chromosome guides development for male pathway by increasing testosterone and knocking out estrogen?
SRY gene on Y chromosome
The Genital Tubercle can become what sex-specific structures?
Genital Tubercle either becomes Glans Penis or Glans of Clitoris
The Labioscrotal swelling becomes one of two possible things
Labia or Scrotum
During embryological development which sex develop sex characteristics earlier?
females develop sex characteristics earlier in embryological development than males
Where is the Perineal Region?
Perineal=region between legs
The Perineal Raphe goes from where to where?
Anus to Scrotum or Labia Majora
The Perineum is very fatty and this helps with what?
Protection, flexibility during childbirth, flexibility of anus during pooping
What are the two triangles of the Perineal Region/Pelvic Outlet?
Urogenital Triangle and Anal Triangle
The line that separates the two Pelvic Outlet/Perineal Region triangles goes from where to where?
From Ischial Tuberosity to Ischial Tuberosity
Describe the look of the Labia Majora
Fat and hairy
Describe the look of the Labia Minora
Thin and hairless
Describe the area of the Mons Publis
Fatty area with fat and hairy labia majora
Describe the Lithotomy Position
Laying on back, butt at end of exam table, feet in stirrups, knees bent. allows proper gynecological exam.
The Bulbiospongiousus and Ischiocavernosus muscles do what during sexual excitement in women?
Swell and become erect
Levator Ani aka
aka pelvic diaphragm aka pelvic floor
What does the Levator Ani (aka Pelvic Diaphragm) do?
Supports internal organs above it.
What attaches to the Urogenital Diaphgram?
Flat area for ext genitalia to attach to
What is the shape of the Levator Ani (aka Pelvic Diaphragm)?
Funnel shape
The Urogenital Triangle is like a what?
Like a pita bread fascia that contains muscle.
What does the bulbospongiousus do and become in males?
In male fuses to make bulb of penis and becomes musle
What attaches to the Perineal Body?
Site of common attachment for everything: anal sphincter, bulbospongiousus, transverse perineal muscle, levator ani
Which perineal triangle does the Deep Transverse Perineal muscle make up?
Makes up UG triangle except for openings in middle and borders.
What is the analog of the Vestibular Bulb in men?
Bulb of the penis
What nerve, artery, and vein can be damaged by cycling?
Pundendal Nerve, Internal Pudendal Art and Vein
What is the major nerve of the perineum?
Pudendal Nerve. Motor, sensory, and sympathetic. Comes out from Greater Sciatic Foramen and into Lesser Sciatic Foramen and runs along ischialpubic ramus and gives off branches
Where does the Pudendal Nerve come out from and run along?
Comes out from under gluteal region and runs along ischialpubic ramus and gives off branches
What are the two major arteries and veins of the perineum?
Inferior rectal and; Internal Pundendal art and veins
What is an Episiotomy?
Incision of the perineum to prevent tearing when pelvic opening not wide enough or extended labor.
Where are the three incisions of the Episiotomy and which is best?
Lateral=might cut nerves; Midline=might cut anus; Mediolateral=best place to cut
The Dorsal Clitoral Artery provides blood to what type of bodies?
To erectile bodies in women
What can happen to the skeletal muscle of the vagina from childbirth? How to treat?
musculo-elastic. Skeletal muscle around it which stretches from childbirth and can help with kegel contractions.
What does the vagina secrete?
secretes mucous
What makes up the Panpiniform Plexus in men?
Testicular veins and one testicular artery
What is the job of the Panpiniform Plexus?
Heat exchange to keep the testes cool and prevent sterilzation
What does the contractions of the Ductus Deferens achieve during male ejaculation?
lots of contraction during ejaculation to move sperm and seminal components from seminal vesicle
What are the two corpi of the penis?
Corpus Cavernosum and Corpus Spongiosum
What muscle covers the Corpus Cavernosum?
Ischocavernosus Muscle
What type of blood can fill the Corpus Cavernosum?
Arterial blood from Deep Penile Artery
The Corpus Spongiosum is covered by which muscle?
covered by bulbospongiousus muscle
Which side of the penis is the Corpus Spongiosum on?
Ventral side
Which side of the penis is the Corpus Cavernosum on?
Dorsal side
What is held in the Crus of the Penis?
Venous blood
What is the first part of the Urethera?
Prostatic Part
What is the Seminal Colliculus and what is it leftover from?
Blind opening (left over from embryology) and ejaculatory ducts are below
What does the Prostate secrete?
Prostatic Fluid. Slightly alkaline and helps sperm survive acidic environment of the vagina.
Where are the male ejaculatory ducts?
In the prostate gland
During ejaculation sperm goes into what duct and then into where?
From ejaculatory ducts in prostate gland to Vas Deferens and into male urethra.
The two corpus cavernosi are separated by what?
two corpus cavernosum separated by penile septum. can cause the penis to deviate due to blood flow differences from one and another
What causes penile deviation during erection?
Deep Penile Artery supplies blood to the two corpus cavernosum separated by penile septum. Can cause the penis to deviate due to blood flow differences from one and another
Which artery supplies the Corpus Cavernosum?
Deep Penile Artery
Which artery supplies the Corpus Spongiosum (Bulb of Penis)?
Artery to Bulb
Which spinal nerves make up the Lumbrosacral Plexus?
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, S4
The Pudendal Nerve is part of which plexus?
Part of lumbosacral plexus. Specifically S2, S3, S4.
Which spinal nerves does the Pudendal Nerve come from?
S2, S3, S4
What are the two major branches of the Common Iliac Artery
Internal Iliac Artery, External Iliac Artery
The Internal Iliac Artery comes off what?
comes from common iliac art which comes from abd aorta.
The Internal Iliac Artery becomes which three posterior arteries and one anterior artery?
Gives off posterior branches through greater sciatic foramen and becomes Superior Gluteal Arty, Inferior Gluteal Artery, Int Pudendal Art which go posteriorally. Anterior=Obturator Art
What does the Int Pudendal Art supply?
supplies Levator Ani (aka Pelvic Diaphgram), Ext Anal Sphincter, Bulb, Cruses, Urogenital Diaphragm
The Internal Iliac Vein drains what?
Sup Gluteal Art, Inf Gluteal Art (UG diaphragm and ext genetalia), Int Pudendal Art, Middle rectal art
Where does the Vesical Venous Plexus travel along?
Goes back and travels along the vertebra.
What is the relationship between the Vesical Venous Plexus and prostate cancer?
If develop prostate cancer this is the pathway that carcinoma takes to spread. Travels to bone and ribs.
The Deep Dorsal Penile Vein goes under ____ _____ and drains into the _____ _____ ____
goes under Public Symphysis to Prostatic Venous Plexus
ended after slide 21 of Pelvis Perienum and blood supply on 3/30/16 at 11pm. pick up on slide 22 tomorrow.
ended after slide 21 of Pelvis Perienum and blood supply on 3/30/16 at 11pm. pick up on slide 22 tomorrow.
What is the embryological duct that becomes the Epidydimis?
Mesonephric (Wollfian) Duct
What is the embryological duct that come together and join to make uterus and fallopian tubes?
Paramesnephric (Mullerian) Duct
What is the Gonad Primodrium?
Primordial gonad not yet differentiated
The Right Gonadal Vein drains into what? The Left Gonadal Vein drains into what?
Veins on right return to IVC. Left Gonadal Vein to Left Renal Vein. Ovarian and Testicular cancer on left go to left kidney.
Ovarian and Testicular cancer on the left side goes to where?
Ovarian and Testicular cancer on left go to left kidney.
That runs inside the Ovarian Suspensory Ligament?
Ovarian Art and Vein inside
What is analogous to gubernaculum in the female?
Proper Ovarian Ligament then Round Ligament of Uterus
What makes up the Superior Hypogastric Plexus? From where to where? Sympathetic or Parasympathetic or both?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nerves to pelvic organs. Parasympathtic nerves from S2, S3, and S4 travel up on aorta to IMA.
The Obturator Nerve travels with which artery and goes through which canal?
With Obturator Art and Vein through the Obturator Canal
The Left Hypogastric Nerve has what roots and is sympathetic or parasympathetic?
Parasympathtic nerve from S2, S3, and S4 travel up on aorta to IMA
The Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves have what roots and are sympathetic or parasympathetic?
S2, S3, S4 parasympathetics
The External Iliac Artery becomes what major artery?
Femoral Artery
Which artery supplies the whole perineum?
Internal Pudendal Art
The Obturator artery goes through which foramen and supplies what area of the thigh?
Obturator Art goes through Obturator Foramen to Medial Thigh
The Internal Pudendal Vein drains what area?
Pelvic Floor aka Levator Ani (aka Pelvic Diaphragm)
Which muscle covers obturator foramen?
Obturator Internus
Which three muscles make up the Levator Ani (aka Pelvic Diaphragm)?
Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, Illiococcygeus (she says she won’t ever ask us this)
What type of muscle is the Levator Ani (aka Pelvic Diaphragm)?
Skeletal muscle
What shape is the Levator Ani (aka Pelvic Diaphragm)?
Funnel shape
What is the name of the arch on the Levator Ani?
Tendinous Arch
Where does the Tendinous Arch of the Levator Ani run toward?
Posteriorally
The Deep Transverse Perineal muscle is also called?
UG triangle. UG diaphragm.
Describe the Puborectalis muscle
skeletal muscle to maintain the “kink” of the perineal flexure. when it relaxes straightens out and you go to the bathroom and do valsalva maneuver to poop.
Where does the Puborectalis start and wraps around?
Starts on Publis and wraps around at Public Flexure on rectum
What is the artery, vein, and nerve for the Gluteus Maximus?
Inferior Gluteal Artery, Vein, and Nerve
The Sciatic Nerve is made from which spinal nerves?
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
What is the job of the Piriformis Muscle?
Abduction of the femur at the hip joint
What is the artery, vein, and nerve for the Gluteus Medius Muscle?
Superior Gluteal Artery, Vein, And Nerve
The Pudendal Nerve goes through which forameni?
Greater Sciatic Foramen, Lesser Sciatic Foramen
What is the action of the Gemellus Superior?
Lateral Rotation of the thigh
Which foramen does the Pudendal Nerve exit and at what level?
Exits Greater Sciatic Foramen. Exits just above Levator Ani.
The Obturator Nerve and Femoral Nerve run on either side of which muscle?
Psoas Major
The Genitofemoral Nerve runs in front of which muscle?
In front of Psoas Muscle
The Femoral Nerve goes under which ligament?
Inguinal Ligament
The Tendinous Arch is formed at which two muscles?
Levator Ani and Obturator Internus
What is the name of the muscle inside of the Obturator Foramen?
Obturator Internus
What is the “key landmark” in the gluteal region?
Piriformis muscle
What does the Piriformis muscle become?
A tendon
What prevents retrograde ejaculation in men?
Int Uretheral Muscle in men is. Smooth muscle and only closes during climax in men to prevent retrograde ejaculation.
Which uretheral sphincter is skeletal muscle?
Ext Uretheral Sphincter in both mens and womens is skeletel muscle.
The muscles after the rectum are what type of muscle?
Skeletal
The Sacrospinous Ligament connects what to what?
Sacrum to Iliac Spine
The Sacrotuberous Ligament connects what to what?
Sacrum to Ischial Tuberosity
The Pudendal Nerve has what types of innervation?
Sympahetic, motor, and sensory.
The Pudendal Nerve innervates what region?
Perineal Region
The Pudendal Nerve comes out of which foramen, over which ligament, and back into which foramen?
comes out of Greater Sciatic Foramen over Sacrospinous Ligament and back in to Lesser Sciatic Foramen
Where does the Piriformis insert?
Attaches/inserts to Greater Trochanter.
What is the movement of the Piriformis?
ABDUCTION femur/lower limb at hip joint..
The Lesser Sciatic Foramen is inbetween which two ligaments?
Sacrospinous Ligament and Sacrotuberous Ligament.
What type of joint is the acetabulum/femur?
Synovial ball-and-socket joint
What are the two VANs (vein/artery/nerve) sets that supply the gluteal region? From where?
two sets of VANs that supply gluteal muscles: superior to piriformis=superior gluteal VAN inferior to piriformis=inferior gluteal VAN and supply gluteal muscles. From Greater Sciatic Foramen.
Which muscle divides the Greater Sciatic Foramen into superior and inferior parts?
Piriformis muscle
Which VAN travels superior the Piriformis in the Greater Sciatic Foramen?
Superior Gluteal VAN
Which VAN travels inferior the Piriformis in the Greater Sciatic Foramen?
inferior gluteal VAN and supply gluteal muscles. Sciatic Nerve comes out here also.
Which big nerve travels inferior to the Piriformis in the Greater Sciatic Foramen?
Sciatic Nerve
What is Cellulite?
Fatty bubble pack inbetween attachment of fascia
The Gluteus Maximus attaches to which two bones?
Edge of Sacrum then to Femur.
What movement does the Gluteus Maximus provide?
Extension of femur at hip joint.
The Gluteus Maximus is supplied by which VAN?
Inf Gluteal VAN
The nerves of the gluteal region comes off which plexus?
Lumbrosacral Plexus, NOT SCIATIC!!!
The Inferior Gluteal Vein, Artery, and Nerve supply which muscle?
Gluteus Maximus
What is the VAN supply to the Gluteus Minimus and Gluteus Medius muscles?
Superior Gluteal Vein, Artery, and Nerve
The Superior Gluteal Vein, Artery, and Nerve supply which muscles?
Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus
What bones does the Quadratus Femoris muscle attach to?
Ischial Tuberosity to posterior ridge of Femur below Greater Trochanter.
What is the function of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?
Ext/lateral rotation of Femur at hip join. Also contracts and help to keep femur in acetabulum.
What is the nerve innervation for the Piriformis Muscle?
“Nerve to Piriformis”.
What is the nerve innervation of the Quadratus Femoris?
“Nerve to Quadratus Femoris”
What is the movement of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?
Lateral/External Rotation of femur at hip joint.
What is the nerve innervation of the Gemellus Superior?
“Nerve to Gemellus Superior”
What is the nerve innervation of the Gemellus Inferior?
“Nerve to Gemellus Inferior”
What is the movement of the Gemellus muscles?
EXTERNAL/LATERAL ROTATION of femur at hip joint.
Which muscles do External Rotation of the Femur at the Hip Joint?
Obturator Internus, Sup and Inf Gemellus, Quadratus Femoris (OGGQ)
What is the movement of the Piriformis muscle?
ABDUCTION femur/lower limb at hip joint.
The Sciatic Nerve gives off branches to muscles in the pelvis that aren’t part of which muscle group?
Not Gluteal muscles.
Gluteal Nerves come off which plexus- Lumbrosacral or Sciatic?
Gluteal nerves come off lumbrosacral plexus, NOT SCIATIC!!!
Which nerve tells you if anything is irritating the posterior portion of thigh?
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
Which rami does posterior cutaneous innervation?
Dorsal Primary Rami
Which three muscles do ABduction of femur at hip joint?
Glut min, Glut med, Piriformis
Which VAN comes out of the Greater Sciatic Foramen?
Greater Sciatic Foramen=sup glut nerve, sup glut art, sup glut vein
Which muscle is very well developed in gymnysts, skaters, dancers?
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Which nerve innervates the Tensor Fascie Latae?
Sup Glut Nerve.
What action does the Superficial Gluteal Muscle (Glut Max) have when contract?
Extension of femur at hip joint
Which gluteal muscle is the “axis of rotation for abduction and adduction” when it contracts?
Gluteus Maximus
The Gluteus Maximus is the axis muscle for which movement of the femur?
Abduction and Adduction of femur at hip joint
What are the attachments of the Glut Medias and Glut Minimus?
Surface of ilac and attach to top of trochanter.
What are the Small Gluteal Muscles and their innervation?
small gluteals=glut min + glut med innervated by Sup Glut Nerve
What muscles are impaired in the Trendelenberg Gait?
Small Gluteals (glut min, glut med)
In Trendelenberg Gait which muscles fail to contract on one side?
Small Gluts (glut min, glut med)
In Trendelenberg Gait the pelvis will sag on the good or bad side when that side is the swing leg?
On the good side
If the right small gluts are bad what happens to the pelvis?
Can’t contract the small gluts and cannot lift the pelvis up to be level bilaterally
How does someone with Trendelenberg’s Gait compensate?
Stance leg works harder. They compensate by leaning toward side of paralysis and swinging good leg.
A broken Sup Glut Nerve on one side can cause what type of gait?
Trendelenberg’s Gait
In Trendelenberg’s Gait the center of gravity if shifted to which side?
Side with insufficient small gluteal muscles
Pudnedal nerve innervates what areas?
external genetalis and urogenital area
What type of innervation does erectile tissue have?
Erectile tissue has both symapthetic and parasympathetic innervation
Erection is what kind of innervation?
parasympathetic
Ejaculation is what innervation?
Sympathetic
What is Point And Shoot?
Erection is parasympathetic, ejaculation is sympathetic
Joints, skin, and skeletal muscle send info to the CNS via which fibers?
Somatosensory Fibers
Viscera and Vessels send sensory info to the CNS via which fibers?
Viscerosensory Fibers
The CNS sends motor info to Skeletal Muscle via which fibers?
Somatomotor Fibers
The CNS sends motor commands to the Glands/smooth muscle/cardiac muscle via which fibers?
Visceromotor fibers
Which two fibers are Somatic?
Somatosensory fibers, Somatomotor fibers
Which two fibers are Autonomic (visceral)?
Viscerosensory fibers and Visceromotor fibers
Which nerve is responsible for nausea and vomiting during a heart attack?
Vagus (CN X) from brainstem goes down to innervate heart. Responsible for sensation of nausea and vomiting. MI and pericarditis causes nausea and vomiting.
Which fibers transmit heart attack symptoms?
Viscerosensory Fibers
Which spinal nerves bring sensory info from heart back to brain?
T1-T4
Why does the jaw/shoulder/elbow hurt during an MI?
T1-T4 afferent spinal roots continue up to superior cervical ganglion which causes pain in the jaw/shoulder/elbow area as “referred pain” in addition to substernal pain.
Heart burn is felt in the chest from which nerves?
Vagus Nerve CN X and visceralsensory T1-T4 (thoracic splanchnics)
Cardiac Sac and Diaphragm are provided sensation from which nerve?
phrenic nerve provides sensation to cardiac sac and diaphgram. also does motor.
What is Pleuritis?
Inflammation of any pleura
Where does an irritated diaphragm (pleuritis) hurt first?
Shoulder/neck.
A spinal cord lesion that is high up in the cervical spine leads to how much disability?
Extreme. Unable to walk, possibly unable to breathe.
A lesion on C1, C2, C3 or C3, C4, C5 would require what for the PT to stay alive?
A breathing apparatus
What muscle might a PT still be able to use with a Spinal Cord lesion at c1, c2, c3 or c3, c4, c5 to move their head?
SCM, innervated by Spinal Accessory Nerve CN 11
Can a PT still be able to swallow with a Spinal Cord lesion at c1, c2, c3 or c3, c4, c5?
Yes, due to esophagus being innervated by Vagus Nerve CN X
Can a Cause Equina lesion still allow a PT to walk?
Yes, but usually with canes
What would a lumbar spinal cord lesion require a PT to wear in order to walk?
Leg braces
A thoracic spinal cord lesion usually puts a PT in a…?
Wheelchair but they can usually still use their arms to push it
Lesion at c5, c6, c7, c8, t1 cuts of which major plexus?
Brachial Plexus, no more upper limbs
Periumbilical pain is from which gut and organs?
periumbilical pain is midgut. small intestine, cecum, appendix, ascending colon supplied by sup mes art.
An inflammed appendix pain starts which and goes where?
inflammamed appendix goes from periumbilical to lower right quadrant. sometimes a retrocecal appendix will only have periumbilical pain.
Hindgut pain is which organs and where?
hindgut=inf mes art=inf mes ganglia. Splenic flexure, Sigmoid colon, Rectum. Suprapubic aka epigastic pain
Gallbladder stones and inflammation causes pain in which area?
Gallbladder stones and inflammation cause pain in the epigastric region
Pain from Foregut starts where and goes where?
Starts midline and then move to organ.
Gastric ulcer pain hurts where?
Midline
Liver and gallbladder plain is where when parietal peritoneum is involved?
Under costal margin. Start epigastric then move to side when parietal peritoneum is involved.
Pain in Pancreas causes pain where?
Back pain due to pancreas being retroperitoneal or epigastric pain from the peritoneal part (tail) which irritates splenic art to celiac trunk
Which nerve is responsible for pain from ovaries and testes?
Vagus Nerve CN X
The Vagus Nerve travels down which artery toward to ovaries and testes?
Right and Left Gonadal Arteries.
The Pelvic Splanchnic nerves are sympathetic or parasympathetic?
pelvis splanchnics to pelvis. Parasympathetic
The Sacral Slpanchnic Nerves are sympathetic or parasympathetic?
sacral splanchnic nerves (sympathetic)
Which dermatome for Small Intestine?
T10
Which dermatome for Large Intestine?
T12
Kidney pain due to which nerves?
Right=T12 or L1. Left=T11, T12.
Which five muscles in the pelvis are skeletal? Where are they in the pelvis?
Levator Ani, Iliacus, Obturator Internus, Piriformis and Psoas. All on walls of pelvis.
What kind of muscle are pelvis organs made of?
Smooth muscle
What is the relationship of Ureter to the Gonadal/Uterine Vessels?
Water under the bridge. If she doesn’t ask this I will be very surprised!
Why can astronauts pee in space?
Ureter does peristalsis
What do you call the plexus of nerves that supply the organs of the pelvis?
Pelvic Splanchnic (parasympathetic) and Sacral Splanchnic (sympathetic) which come together to form Inferior Hypogastric Plexus
Which two Splanchnics make the Inferior Hypogastric Plexus?
Pelvic Splanchnic (parasympathetic) and Sacral Splanchnic (sympathetic) which come together to form Inferior Hypogastric Plexus
The ventral horn has what kind of neuron and goes to what kind of muscle?
Motor nerves to skeletal muscle
The Lateral Horn has what kind of neuron to what kind of muscle?
Motor neuron to smooth cardiac glands (sympathetic)
The Dorsal Horn receives information from where via which nerve?
Receives info from body (somatic) of splanchnic nerve
The Internal Urethral Sphincer prevents what?
Retrograde ejaculation
What kind of muscle is the Internal Urethral Sphincer?
Smooth muscle
What kind of muscle is the External Urethral Sphincer?
Skeletal muscle
What is the arterial supple for the bladder?
Superior Vesicle Arteries off old umbilical arteries
What plexus does the bladder’s veinous blood drain into?
Pelvic Plexus
What is the nerve plexus for the bladder?
Inferior Hypogastric Plexus, made of sympathetic fibers and S234 parasympathetic fibers
What does “ALA” mean? Are there more than one?
ALA means “wing”. There are several including on the sacrum and ilium.
ER =
OGGQ
AB=
GGP
