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Gross Anatomy > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is the discount code to upgrade to Brainscape Pro?

A

MCPHS91BS

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2
Q

The TMJ has a special sort of joint. What is it called?

A

Biarticular joint synovial joint. Only one.

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3
Q

What is the trochlear nerve and what does it do?

A

CN 4. It is the motor nerve for the Superior Oblique Muscle in the eye which rotates the eye.

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4
Q

What is the action of the Suprahyoid Muscles?

A

Elevate hyoid bone and widen esopgagus

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5
Q

Muscles of facial expression are innervated by which cranial nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve 7 the facial nerve.

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6
Q

Which cranial nerves have parasympathetic innervations?

A

3, 7, 9, 10

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7
Q

What are the three divisions of CN 5?

A

V1=Ophthalmic (sensory only)V2=Maxillary (sensory only)V3=Mandible (motor and sensory)

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8
Q

What are the 4 major muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter, Temporalis, Medial and Lateral Pterygoid.

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9
Q

Which cranial nerves are responsible for taste on the anterior and posterior portions of the tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3= CN 7 (facial nerve); Posterior 1/3= CN 9 (glossopharyngeal) 7 looks like T so anterior Taste=7

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10
Q

What are the 4 Suprahyoid muscles?

A

Digastric, Mylohyoid, Stylohyoid, Geniohyoid DGMS (I dig ‘ems’)

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11
Q

There are five different types of joints. C1 doesn’t have this but C2 on down does. What is it?

A

Intervertebral joints.

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12
Q

C3 through C7 have these processes for what?

A

Foramens in transverse processes for the Vetebral artery

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13
Q

What movement does C2 allow for?

A

Rotation of head “NO” movement. Abduction and adduction of head.

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14
Q

The facial expression muscles are innervated by which cranial nerve?

A

CN 7 facial nerve

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15
Q

What action does the genioglossus muscle have?

A

Sticks tongue out. CN 12 innervation.

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16
Q

Which cranial nerves are responsible for sensory on the anterior and posterior portions of the tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3= CN V3 (linguinal nerve)Posterior 1/3= CN 9 (glossopharyngeal nerve)

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17
Q

C2 through C6 have this process but C1 does not

A

Bifid spinous process

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18
Q

C2 also known as…?

A

Axis

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19
Q

The muscles of mastication are innervated by which nerve?

A

Mandible division of trigeminal nerve. CN V3.

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20
Q

What is job of the sinus?

A

Sinuses protect brain from temperature changes. Also assists with voice resonance.

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21
Q

Which are the four muscles of the Suprahyoid group?

A

1 Digastric, 2 Mylohyoid, 3 Stylohyoid, 4 Geniohyoid. DGMS (I dig ‘ems!)

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22
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scape? (Hint: SCALP)

A

1 Skin, 2 Subcutaneous Connective Tissue, 3 Aponeurosis of frontalis muscle, 4 Loose areolar tissue, 5 Periosteum

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23
Q

What is lacking in C1 that other “typical” vertebrae have?

A

No body, no bifid spinous process

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24
Q

Which are the two lateral cervical muscles?

A

Trapezius and SCM. Innervated by CN 11 “spinal accessory nerve”

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25
Q

What is the job of the body of the vertebrae?

A

Bear weight

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26
Q

What are the four Infrahyoid bones?

A

Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid O.S.S.T.

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27
Q

What does the Vetebral Arch protect?

A

Spinal cord

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28
Q

CN 5 are the muscles of what?

A

Muscles of mastication

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29
Q

What are the three foramens on the face and what exits from them?

A

Supraorbital foramen (V1/supraorbital nerve), infraorbital foramen (V2/infraorbital nerve), mental foramen (V3/mental nerve)

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30
Q

What is the job of the four Infrahyoid muscles?

A

Depresses hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing and speechO.S.S.T

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31
Q

C1 is also known as the…?

A

Atlas

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32
Q

What is the name of the tissue that separates the cerebellum and cerebrum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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33
Q

What is the name of the tissue that separates the right and left hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebri

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34
Q

What is the name of the muscle that controls the upper eye lid? Which nerve?

A

Lavator palpibrae superioris. CN3 Oculormotor

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35
Q

The inferior oblique moves the eye which way?

A

Up and out

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36
Q

The superior oblique moves the eye which way?

A

Down and out

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37
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the Superior Oblique muscle?

A

CN 4 Trochlear

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38
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle?

A

CN 6 Abducens nerve

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39
Q

CN 3 Oculomotor nerve innervates all but these two?

A

Superior Oblique, Lateral Rectus

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40
Q

The inferior oblique muscle moves the eye which way and has which cranial innervation?

A

Up and Out, CN 3 Oculomotor

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41
Q

The tympanic membrane connects to what three bones?

A

Malleus, Incus, Stapes (Think “MISs, can you hear me?”)

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42
Q

What is CN 1?

A

Olfactory nerve. Smell.

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43
Q

What is CN 2?

A

Optic nerve, plugs into the eyes

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44
Q

What is CN 3?

A

Oculomotor nerve, controls movement of the eyes for eye muscles except for the Lateral Rectus and Superior Oblique

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45
Q

Which CN controls the eyelid?

A

CN 3, via the levator palpebrae muscle

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46
Q

Which nerve innervates the Infrahyoid muscles such as the sternohyoid?

A

Anna Cervicalis, a spinal cervical nerve

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47
Q

Which nerve(s) provide sensory and motor for the obicularis oculi?

A

CN 7= motor CN V1=sensory

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48
Q

What kind of blood does the common carotid carry?

A

Oxygenated

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49
Q

Name the two main branches of the carotid artery

A

Internal Carotid, External Carotid

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50
Q

Where does the internal carotid bring blood to?

A

Inside the skull, to the brain

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51
Q

Where does the external carotid bring blood to?

A

Face

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52
Q

What lies deep to the external jugular vein?

A

SCM

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53
Q

What is superficial to the external jugular vein?

A

Platysma

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54
Q

What two muscles does the external jugular vein lay in between?

A

Platysma (superficial), SCM (deep)

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55
Q

What is medial to CN X (Vagus Nerve)?

A

Common carotid artery

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56
Q

What is lateral to CN X (vagus nerve)?

A

Internal jugular vein

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57
Q

Does the vagus nerve carry sympathetic signals?

A

Yes

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58
Q

What is the motor nerve and function of the obicularis oris?

A

CN 7 (Facial nerve), sphincter of mouth

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59
Q

What is the nerve and function of the platysma?

A

Facial nerve (CN 7), makes a grimace

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60
Q

The Superficial Temporal Vessels are a lesser branch of what major artery?

A

External carotid

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61
Q

What does the parotid duct carry?

A

Saliva

62
Q

What muscle does the parotid duct pierce?

A

Buccinator

63
Q

What nerve goes through the foramen rotundum?

A

V2, maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

64
Q

What nerve goes through the foramen ovale?

A

V3, mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

65
Q

What nerve goes through the Superior Orbital Fissure?

A

CN 3, CN 4, V1 ( ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve), CN 6

66
Q

What nerve does V1 become when it exits the Superior Orbital Fissure?

A

Frontal nerve

67
Q

What exits through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

68
Q

CN 9, 10, and 11 exit through which foramen?

A

Jugular foramen

69
Q

Concha are also called…?

A

Turbinates

70
Q

Which nerves innervate the pharynx?

A

Sensory =CN 9 Glossopharyngeal nerve Motor= CN 10 Vagus nerve

71
Q

What is the muscle of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus

72
Q

Which muscle pulls out tongue?

A

Geniohyoid

73
Q

Motor nerve to tongue?

A

Hypoglossal CN 12

74
Q

If tongue hypoglossal is cut on the right side and person stick out tongue which way will it go?

A

Right side, toward the cut

75
Q

What is the role of the tonsils?

A

As immune organs

76
Q

What plate is below the olfactory bulb?

A

Cribiform plate

77
Q

Naso and Oropharynx use which nerve for sensory?

A

CN 9

78
Q

What is the only muscle that uses CN 9 for motor innervation?

A

Stylopharyngeus

79
Q

Sympathetic fibers travel on what vessels?

A

Arteries

80
Q

Sympathetic fibers on arteries can do what to the arteries?

A

Constrict them

81
Q

External branch of vagus nerve motor innervates which muscle?

A

Cricothyroid

82
Q

Motor nerve to tongue?

A

CN 12

83
Q

Sensory to tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3=V3; Post 1/3= CN 9

84
Q

Name of nerve out of mental foramen?

A

Mental nerve. Mentalis muscle.

85
Q

The inferior alveolar nerves supply sensation to the…?

A

Lower teeth

86
Q

The inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of which nerve?

A

Branch of the mandibular nerve V3.

87
Q

What are the motor and sensory nerves for the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Motor= 10 Sensory= 9

88
Q

Pharynx and larynx motor innervated by which nerve?

A

Vagus nerve CN 10

89
Q

Esophagus has which nerve for motor and sensory?

A

CN 10 Vagus Nerve

90
Q

The cavernous sinus is in other side of which sinus?

A

Sphenoid sinus

91
Q

What is the name of the orifice that is involved in equalizing pressure with the middle ear?

A

Pharyngeal orifice

92
Q

Which nerve innervates the vocal cords?

A

CN 10 Vagus Nerve

93
Q

Most sinus empty into which meatus?

A

Middle meatus

94
Q

Which part of the face does the maxillary artery supply?

A

Central face

95
Q

Which artery comes off the maxillary artery?

A

Middle meningeal artery

96
Q

What binds both sides of the mylohyoid?

A

Median raphe. Binds both sides like a seam.

97
Q

Which muscle makes wall of cheek?

A

Buccinator

98
Q

Which muscle does the carotid duct go through?

A

Buccinator

99
Q

What is the only muscle that CN 9 Glossus nerve provides muscle innervation for?

A

Stylopharyngeus

100
Q

What binds both sides of the mylohyoid?

A

Median raphe. Binds both sides like a seam.

101
Q

Which muscle makes wall of cheek?

A

Buccinator

102
Q

Which muscle does the carotid duct go through?

A

Buccinator

103
Q

What is the only muscle that CN 9 Glossus nerve provides muscle innervation for?

A

Stylopharyngeus

104
Q

What are the two pharyngeal elevators?

A

1 Salpingopharyngeus, 2 Palatopharyngeus

105
Q

These are also known as the “false vocal cords”

A

Vestibular ligament

106
Q

The term “abducts” means to…?

A

Open

107
Q

The term “adducts” means to…?

A

Close

108
Q

Does the cricothyroid muscle tighten or loosen the vocal folds?

A

Tighten

109
Q

What movement does the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle do?

A

Abducts (opens) the vocal folds

110
Q

What action does the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle have on the vocal folds?

A

Adducts (closes) the vocal folds

111
Q

Which branch of V3 innervates the lower teeth?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

112
Q

Which nerve is sensory innervation to anterior tongue?

A

Linguinal nerve, branch of V3

113
Q

Which nerve is motor innervation to tongue?

A

CN 12 Hypoglossal Nerve

114
Q

C1 allows for what kind of motion of head?

A

“Yes” motion. Extension and flexion of the head.

115
Q

What is the job of the pharyngeal constrictors?

A

Contracts to help push food down esophagus

116
Q

What is the innervation of the pharyngeal constrictors?

A

Vagus nerve

117
Q

What is the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

118
Q

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

119
Q

Which paranasal sinus connects to the sphenethmoidal recess?

A

Sphenoid sinus

120
Q

Which paranasal sinus connects to the Superior Meatus?

A

Posterior ethmoidal sinus

121
Q

Which paranasal sinus connects to the middle meatus?

A

Hiatus semilunaris (from frontal, anterior ethmoid all, and maxillary sinuses)

122
Q

Which paranasal sinus connects to the inferior meatus (below the inferior concha)?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

123
Q

What is the superior end of the respiratory and digestive tubes?

A

The Pharynx

124
Q

The pharynx starts at ___ and ends at the ___

A

Starts at base of skull (pharyngeal tubercle) to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (C6)

125
Q

The paranasal sinuses drain to….?

A

The nasal cavity

126
Q

What is a choanae?

A

The opening from the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx

127
Q

The maxillary artery supplies what region of the face?

A

Center of face

128
Q

Middle pharyngeal constrictor attached to what?

A

Greater horn of hyoid

129
Q

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor attaches to the

A

Thyroid cartilage

130
Q

Stylopharyngeus between which two muscles?

A

Superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors

131
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor attaches to the

A

Buccinator

132
Q

What comes out of stylomastoid foramen?

A

CN 7 facial nerve

133
Q

Anterior part of the brain receives blood from which artery?

A

Internal Carotid Artery

134
Q

The Internal Carotid Artery in the brain becomes what two main branches?

A

Middle Cerebral Artery, Anterior Cerebral Artery

135
Q

The posterior brain received blood supply from what artery?

A

Basilar artery (from the Vetebral arteries)

136
Q

In the brain the Internal Carotid Artery and the Posterior Cerebral Artery are connected by what?

A

Posterior Communicating Artery

137
Q

The Vetebral arteries become what in the brain?

A

Basilar arteries

138
Q

The basilar artery has two main branches which are called?

A

Superior Cerebellar Arteries, Posterior Cerebral Arteries

139
Q

Where is the Crista Galli and what does it attach to?

A

Bone that projects from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. Where the falx cerebri attaches anteriorly to the skull. The olfactory bulbs lie on either side of the crista galli on top of the cribriform plate.

140
Q

Which nerves go through the Superior Orbital Fissure?

A

CN 3, 4, V1, and 6

141
Q

CN 1 sits on which plate and which bone?

A

Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

142
Q

CN 2 exits where?

A

Optic Canal

143
Q

CN 3,4, V1, and 6 exit where?

A

Superior orbital fissure

144
Q

V1 exits where?

A

Superior orbital fissure

145
Q

V2 exits through?

A

Foramen rotundun

146
Q

V3 exits through?

A

Foramen ovale

147
Q

CN 7 and 8 exit through?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

148
Q

CN 9, 10, and 11 exit through?

A

Jugular foramen

149
Q

Can 12 exits through?

A

Hypoglossal canal

150
Q

The Posterior Digastric muscle is innervated by which nerve?

A

CN 7 Facial

151
Q

The Anterior Digastric Muscle is innervated by which muscle?

A

V3

Gross Anatomy (12 decks)

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